ArticleMedical care2015
The lifetime medical cost savings from preventing HIV in the United States.
Article in Medical care, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 123 citations in OpenAlex.
- Use of Behavior Change Techniques in Digital HIV Prevention Programs for Adolescents and Young People: Systematic Review.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2025Pooled it
- Estimating HIV Management and Comorbidity Costs Among Aging HIV Patients in the United States: A Systematic Review.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2020Pooled it
- Cost-effectiveness of Testing and Treatment for Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Residents Born Outside the United States With and Without Medical Comorbidities in a Simulation Model.JAMA internal medicine · 2017Pooled it
- Medical costs and quality-adjusted life years associated with smoking: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2016Pooled it
- Daily polysubstance use associated with HIV, HCV, and non-fatal overdose among people who inject drugs: A latent class analysis using nationwide data.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2026Article
- County by county estimation of possible deaths averted, infections averted, and cost savings of overdose prevention centers in the United States from July 2019-June 2025.The International journal on drug policy · 2026Article
- What We Owe: A Liberatory Ethics of Harm Reduction.Nursing inquiry · 2026Article
- "It's Our Superpower": A Mixed-Methods Study to Understand Motivation and Capabilities for HIV Management Among African American/Black and Latine Emerging Adults Living With HIV.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- County by county estimation of possible deaths averted, infections averted, and cost savings of overdose prevention centers in the United States from July 2019-June 2025.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Estimating Productivity Losses per HIV Infection due to Premature HIV Mortality in the United States.Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making · 2026Article
- Cost-effectiveness of leveraging long-acting injectable cabotegravir to expand PrEP coverage among MSM in two contrasting North American cities.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2026Article
- Projecting lifetime HIV-related healthcare costs for youth with HIV in the United States.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Projected Increases in Older People With HIV in the United States Through 2040.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Estimating the Economic Consequences of Leveraging the Novel cobas HIV-1/HIV-2 Qualitative Nucleic Acid Amplification Test in Routine HIV Testing.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Article
- PROTOCOL: PrEP (Non)Adherence Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: An Overview of Reviews: A Systematic Review.Campbell systematic reviews · 2025Article
- Epidemiologic and Economic Impacts of Halting National HIV Prevention Efforts.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Adapting and applying intervention mapping to integrate medical-legal partnership into organizations providing HIV care: an implementation methodology study.Frontiers in health services · 2025Article
- Managing HIV During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Study of Help-Seeking Behaviors on a Social Media Forum.AIDS and behavior · 2024Article
- Primary Care and Infectious Disease Provider Adherence to HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Prescribing and Monitoring Recommendations.AIDS and behavior · 2024Article
- Feasibility and assessment of a comprehensive emergency department-based intervention for patients at risk of HIV.PloS one · 2024Article
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveEnhanced HIV prevention interventions, such as preexposure prophylaxis for high-risk individuals, require substantial investments. We sought to estimate the medical cost saved by averting 1 HIV infection in the United States.
methodsWe estimated lifetime medical costs in persons with and without HIV to determine the cost saved by preventing 1 HIV infection. We used a computer simulation model of HIV disease and treatment (CEPAC) to project CD4 cell count, antiretroviral treatment status, and mortality after HIV infection. Annual medical cost estimates for HIV-infected persons, adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and transmission risk group, were from the HIV Research Network (range, $1854-$4545/mo) and for HIV-uninfected persons were from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (range, $73-$628/mo). Results are reported as lifetime medical costs from the US health system perspective discounted at 3% (2012 USD).
resultsThe estimated discounted lifetime cost for persons who become HIV infected at age 35 is $326,500 (60% for antiretroviral medications, 15% for other medications, 25% nondrug costs). For individuals who remain uninfected but at high risk for infection, the discounted lifetime cost estimate is $96,700. The medical cost saved by avoiding 1 HIV infection is $229,800. The cost saved would reach $338,400 if all HIV-infected individuals presented early and remained in care. Cost savings are higher taking into account secondary infections avoided and lower if HIV infections are temporarily delayed rather than permanently avoided.
conclusionsThe economic value of HIV prevention in the United States is substantial given the high cost of HIV disease treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.