Observational studyAIDS (London, England)2015
Pubertal development in HIV-infected African children on first-line antiretroviral therapy.
Observational study in AIDS (London, England), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed.
- Longitudinal Height Growth Patterns Among Children Receiving Menaquinone-7 Supplementation.Nutrients · 2026Observational
- Pubertal onset in children with in-utero HIV/antiretroviral exposure in Botswana.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Observational
- Assessment of the impact of HIV infection on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis and pubertal development among adolescent girls at a tertiary centre in Zimbabwe: a cross-sectional study.BMC endocrine disorders · 2025Article
- Association Between Vitamin D Insufficiency and Impaired Bone Density Among Adolescents With Perinatally Acquired HIV Infection.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Update: Vitamin DTrials · 2024Article
- Impaired Bone Architecture in Peripubertal Children With HIV, Despite Treatment With Antiretroviral Therapy: A Cross-Sectional Study From Zimbabwe.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2023Article
- Optimal Timing of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation in Children and Adolescents With Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Pulmonary Tuberculosis.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Article
- Physical growth and sexual maturation of perinatally HIV-infected adolescent males in a southeast Nigerian tertiary hospital: a comparative cross-sectional study.BMC pediatrics · 2022Article
- Growth improvement following antiretroviral therapy initiation in children with perinatally-acquired HIV diagnosed in older childhood in Zimbabwe: a prospective cohort study.BMC pediatrics · 2022Article
- Growth and CD4 patterns of adolescents living with perinatally acquired HIV worldwide, a CIPHER cohort collaboration analysis.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2022Article
- Vitamin DTrials · 2022Article
- Sexual maturation of HIV-infected and uninfected male children in Abakaliki, South-East, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study.The Pan African medical journal · 2022Article
- Growth and the pubertal growth spurt in South African adolescents living with perinatally-acquired HIV infection.PloS one · 2022Article
- Transition to Dolutegravir Is Associated With an Increase in the Rate of Body Mass Index Change in a Cohort of Virally Suppressed Adolescents.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
- Effect of HIV infection on growth and bone density in peripubertal children in the era of antiretroviral therapy: a cross-sectional study in Zimbabwe.The Lancet. Child & adolescent health · 2021Article
- Article
- Article
- Stunting and growth velocity of adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV: differential evolution for males and females. A multiregional analysis from the IeDEA global paediatric collaboration.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2019Article
- Height and timing of growth spurt during puberty in young people living with vertically acquired HIV in Europe and Thailand.AIDS (London, England) · 2019Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo estimate age at attaining Tanner stages in Ugandan/Zimbabwean HIV-infected children initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) in older childhood and investigate predictors of delayed puberty, particularly age at ART initiation.
designObservational analysis within a randomized trial.
methodsTanner staging was assessed every 24 weeks from 10 years of age, menarche every 12 weeks and height every 4-6 weeks. Age at attaining different Tanner stages was estimated using normal interval regression, considering predictors using multivariable regression. Growth was estimated using multilevel models with child-specific intercepts and trajectories.
resultsMedian age at ART initiation was 9.4 years (inter-quartile range 7.8, 11.3) (n = 582). At the first assessment, the majority (80.2%) were in Tanner stage 1; median follow-up with staging was 2.8 years. There was a strong delaying effect of older age at ART initiation on age at attaining all Tanner stages (P < 0.05) and menarche (P = 0.02); in boys the delaying effect generally weakened with older age. There were additional significant delays associated with greater impairments in pre-ART height-for-age Z-score (P < 0.05) in both sexes and pre-ART BMI-for-age in girls (P < 0.05). There was no evidence that pre-ART immuno-suppression independently delayed puberty or menarche. However, older children/adolescents had significant growth spurts in intermediate Tanner stages, and were still significantly increasing their height when in Tanner stage 5 (P < 0.01).
conclusionDelaying ART initiation until older childhood substantially delays pubertal development and menarche, independently of immuno-suppression. This highlights that factors other than CD4, such as pubertal development, need consideration when making decisions about timing of ART initiation in older children.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.