Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25709596›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in neurology2015

Maintenance Deep Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Sessions are Associated with Reduced Depressive Relapses in Patients with Unipolar or Bipolar Depression.

Chiara Rapinesi, Francesco Saverio Bersani, Georgios D Kotzalidis, Claudio Imperatori, Antonio Del Casale, Simone Di Pietro, Vittoria R Ferri, Daniele Serata, Ruggero N Raccah, Abraham Zangen and 2 more

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in neurology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
3.5field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Comparison of therapeutic efficacy in depression between repetitive TMS and deep TMS.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2025
    Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Trial
  7. Treatment of Bipolar Depression with Deep TMS: Results from a Double-Blind, Randomized, Parallel Group, Sham-Controlled Clinical Trial.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2017
    Trial
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Changes in interoceptive processes following brain stimulation.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2016
    Article
  18. Brain Stimulation in Addiction.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2016
    Review
  19. Article
  20. Treatment-resistant bipolar depression: concepts and challenges for novel interventions.Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999)
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Chiara RapinesiDepartment of Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs NESMOS, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy ; Neuropsychiatric Unit, Villa Rosa, Suore Ospedaliere of the Sacred Heart of Jesus , Viterbo , Italy.
Francesco Saverio BersaniDepartment of Neurology and Psychiatry, Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy.
Georgios D KotzalidisDepartment of Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs NESMOS, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy.
Claudio ImperatoriDepartment of Human Sciences, European University of Rome , Rome , Italy.
Antonio Del CasaleDepartment of Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs NESMOS, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy ; Department of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, P. Alberto Mileno Onlus Foundation , Vasto , Italy.
Simone Di PietroDepartment of Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs NESMOS, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy.
Vittoria R FerriDepartment of Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs NESMOS, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy ; Neuropsychiatric Unit, Villa Rosa, Suore Ospedaliere of the Sacred Heart of Jesus , Viterbo , Italy.
Daniele SerataDepartment of Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs NESMOS, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy.
Ruggero N RaccahATID Ltd - Advanced Technology Innovation Distribution , Rome , Italy.
Abraham ZangenDepartment of Life Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev , Be'er Sheva , Israel.
Gloria AngelettiDepartment of Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs NESMOS, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy.
Paolo GirardiDepartment of Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs NESMOS, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy ; Neuropsychiatric Unit, Villa Rosa, Suore Ospedaliere of the Sacred Heart of Jesus , Viterbo , Italy.
Azienda Ospedaliera Sant'Andrea · ITSapienza University of Rome · ITBen-Gurion University of the Negev · ILEuropean University of Rome · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionDeep transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS) is a new form of TMS allowing safe stimulation of deep brain regions. The objective of this preliminary study was to assess the role of dTMS maintenance sessions in protecting patients with bipolar disorder (BD) or recurrent major depressive disorder (MDD) from developing depressive or manic relapses in a 12-month follow-up period.

methodsTwenty-four drug-resistant patients with a current depressive episode and a diagnosis of MDD or BD have been enrolled in the study. All the participants underwent daily dTMS sessions for 4 weeks. One group (maintenance - M group) received additional maintenance dTMS sessions weekly or twice a week.

resultsAfter the first dTMS cycle, a significant reduction of Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) scores was observed in all participants. Subsequently, the HDRS mean scores did not significantly change over time in the M group, while it significantly increased in the non-M-group after 6 and 12 months. DISCUSSION: This study confirms previous evidence of a positive therapeutic effect of dTMS on depressive symptoms and suggests that, after recovery from acute episodes, maintenance dTMS sessions may be helpful in maintaining euthymia in a 12-month follow-up period.

Indexed as

bipolar disorderbrain modulationdeep transcranial magnetic stimulationneuropsychiatryrecurrent major depressive disorder

Identifiers

PMID25709596
PMCPMC4321576
OpenAlexW2033038127

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.