Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25709503›Full record

ReviewHIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.)2015

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV-infected patients.

Naomi F Walker, James Scriven, Graeme Meintjes, Robert J Wilkinson

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 97 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
97citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

97 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  10. [Characterization of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in a Mexican cohort].Revista medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social · 2026
    Observational
  11. Monocyte-Amplified Transcriptional Signatures of Human Diseases.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
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37 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Naomi F WalkerDepartment of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK ; Clinical Infectious Diseases Research Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa ; Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
James ScrivenClinical Infectious Diseases Research Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa ; Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa ; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.
Graeme MeintjesDepartment of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK ; Clinical Infectious Diseases Research Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa ; Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Robert J WilkinsonDepartment of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK ; Clinical Infectious Diseases Research Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa ; MRC National Institute of Medical Research, London, UK.

Funding

Wellcome Trust 100890Wellcome Trust 104803
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is improving worldwide. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is a common complication of ART initiation. In this review, we provide an overview of clinical and epidemiological features of HIV-associated IRIS, current understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms, available therapy, and preventive strategies. The spectrum of HIV-associated IRIS is described, with a particular focus on three important pathogen-associated forms: tuberculosis-associated IRIS, cryptococcal IRIS, and Kaposi's sarcoma IRIS. While the clinical features and epidemiology are well described, there are major gaps in our understanding of pathophysiology and as a result therapeutic and preventative strategies are suboptimal. Timing of ART initiation is critical to reduce IRIS-associated morbidity. Improved understanding of the pathophysiology of IRIS will hopefully enable improved diagnostic modalities and better targeted treatments to be developed.

Indexed as

antiretroviral therapycomplicationsdiagnosisIRIStuberculosis

Identifiers

PMID25709503
PMCPMC4334287

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.