Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25707913›Full record

ReviewWiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology

Anti-PEG immunity: emergence, characteristics, and unaddressed questions.

Qi Yang, Samuel K Lai

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 256 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
256citing papers in PubMed
14.1field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

256 citing papers in PubMed, 566 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Observational
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review

196 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Qi YangDivision of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Samuel K LaiDivision of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · US

Funding

Prevalence and characteristics of anti-PEG antibodies in humansR21EB017938 · NIBIB · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI LAI, SAMUEL · 2014 to 2015
$413k
NIBIB NIH HHS R21 EB017938NIBIB NIH HHS R21EB017938
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The modification of protein and nanoparticle therapeutics with polyethylene glycol (PEG), a flexible, uncharged, and highly hydrophilic polymer, is a widely adopted approach to reduce RES clearance, extend circulation time, and improve drug efficacy. Nevertheless, an emerging body of literature, generated by numerous research groups, demonstrates that the immune system can produce antibodies that specifically bind PEG, which can lead to the 'accelerated blood clearance' of PEGylated therapeutics. In animals, anti-PEG immunity is typically robust but short-lived and consists of a predominantly anti-PEG IgM response. Rodent studies suggest that the induction of anti-PEG antibodies (α-PEG Abs) primarily occurs through a type 2 T-cell independent mechanism. Although anti-PEG immunity is less well-studied in humans, the presence of α-PEG Abs has been correlated with reduced efficacy of PEGylated therapeutics in clinical trials. The prevalence of anti-PEG IgG and reports of memory immune responses, as well as the existence of α-PEG Abs in healthy untreated individuals, suggests that the mechanism(s) and features of human anti-PEG immune responses may differ from those of animal models. Many questions, including the incidence rate of pre-existing α-PEG Abs and immunological mechanism(s) of α-PEG Ab formation in humans, must be answered in order to fully address the potential complications of anti-PEG immunity.

Indexed as

ImmunityAnimalsAntibodiesChemical PhenomenaDisease Models, AnimalEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayHumansPolyethylene GlycolsAntibodiesPolyethylene Glycols

Identifiers

PMID25707913
PMCPMC4515207
OpenAlexW1587071366

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.