Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25706880›Full record

ArticlePloS one2015

Epidemiology of severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) among adults and children aged ≥5 years in a high HIV-prevalence setting, 2009-2012.

Cheryl Cohen, Sibongile Walaza, Jocelyn Moyes, Michelle Groome, Stefano Tempia, Marthi Pretorius, Orienka Hellferscee, Halima Dawood, Summaya Haffejee, Ebrahim Variava and 8 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
38citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
5.9field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

38 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.

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  17. Community-acquired pneumonia: The need to broaden our diagnostic armamentarium.African journal of thoracic and critical care medicine · 2020
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors at 8 institutions in 4 countries.

Cheryl CohenCentre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Sibongile WalazaCentre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Jocelyn MoyesCentre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Michelle GroomeMedical Research Council, Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Stefano TempiaInfluenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America; Influenza Programme, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa.
Marthi PretoriusCentre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Orienka HellfersceeCentre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Halima DawoodDepartment of Medicine, Pietermaritzburg Metropolitan Hospital and University of KwaZulu Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.
Summaya HaffejeeSchool of Pathology, University of KwaZulu Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.
Ebrahim VariavaDepartment of Medicine, Klerksdorp Tshepong Hospital, South Africa; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Kathleen KahnMRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Centre for Global Health Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana.
Akhona TshangelaCentre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Anne von GottbergCentre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa; Medical Research Council, Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Nicole WolterCentre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa; Medical Research Council, Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Adam L CohenInfluenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America; Influenza Programme, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa.
Babatyi KgokongCentre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Marietjie VenterCentre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa; Zoonoses Research Unit, Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
Shabir A MadhiCentre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa; Medical Research Council, Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
National Health Laboratory Service · ZAUniversity of the Witwatersrand · ZACenters for Disease Control and Prevention · USUniversity of KwaZulu-Natal · ZAKalafong Hospital · ZANational Research Foundation · ZARespiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit · ZAUniversity of Pretoria · ZA

Funding

South African Preparedness for Rapid Detection of Highly Pathogenic Avian InfluenU51IP000155 · IP · NATIONAL INST FOR COMMUNICABLE DISEASES · PI VENTER, MARIETJIE · 2007 to 2010
$6.7M
NCIRD CDC HHS U51 IP000155NCIRD CDC HHS U51/IP000155-04
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThere are few published studies describing severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) epidemiology amongst older children and adults from high HIV-prevalence settings. We aimed to describe SARI epidemiology amongst individuals aged ≥5 years in South Africa.

methodsWe conducted prospective surveillance for individuals with SARI from 2009-2012. Using polymerase chain reaction, respiratory samples were tested for ten viruses, and blood for pneumococcal DNA. Cumulative annual SARI incidence was estimated at one site with population denominators.

findingsWe enrolled 7193 individuals, 9% (621/7067) tested positive for influenza and 9% (600/6519) for pneumococcus. HIV-prevalence was 74% (4663/6334). Among HIV-infected individuals with available data, 41% of 2629 were receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). The annual SARI hospitalisation incidence ranged from 325-617/100,000 population. HIV-infected individuals experienced a 13-19 times greater SARI incidence than HIV-uninfected individuals (p<0.001). On multivariable analysis, compared to HIV-uninfected individuals, HIV-infected individuals were more likely to be receiving tuberculosis treatment (odds ratio (OR):1.7; 95%CI:1.1-2.7), have pneumococcal infection (OR 2.4; 95%CI:1.7-3.3) be hospitalised for >7 days rather than <2 days (OR1.7; 95%CI:1.2-2.2) and had a higher case-fatality ratio (8% vs 5%;OR1.7; 95%CI:1.2-2.3), but were less likely to be infected with influenza (OR 0.6; 95%CI:0.5-0.8). On multivariable analysis, independent risk indicators associated with death included HIV infection (OR 1.8;95%CI:1.3-2.4), increasing age-group, receiving mechanical ventilation (OR 6.5; 95%CI:1.3-32.0) and supplemental-oxygen therapy (OR 2.6; 95%CI:2.1-3.2).

conclusionThe burden of hospitalized SARI amongst individuals aged ≥5 years is high in South Africa. HIV-infected individuals are the most important risk group for SARI hospitalization and mortality in this setting.

Indexed as

Acute DiseaseAdolescentAdultAgedAnti-Retroviral AgentsChildChild, PreschoolComorbidityFemaleHIV InfectionsHospitals, RuralHospitals, UrbanHumansInfluenza, HumanMaleMiddle AgedAnti-Retroviral Agents

Identifiers

PMID25706880
PMCPMC4337909
OpenAlexW2105836324

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.