ArticleThe Journal of investigative dermatology2015
Papain Degrades Tight Junction Proteins of Human Keratinocytes In Vitro and Sensitizes C57BL/6 Mice via the Skin Independent of its Enzymatic Activity or TLR4 Activation.
Article in The Journal of investigative dermatology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Catalytic Site Inhibitors of Group 1 Allergens Prevent Toll-like Receptor (TLR)4- and TLR1/2-Dependent Innate Responses in Keratinocytes and Airway Epithelial Cells Exposed to House Dust Mite Allergenic Extract.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2025Article
- Review
- A novel cystatin in Psoroptes ovis var. cuniculi: molecular characterization, serodiagnostic potential, and its anti-inflammatory property on rabbit peripheral blood mononuclear cells.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Papain Suppresses Atopic Skin Inflammation through Anti-Inflammatory Activities Using In Vitro and In Vivo Models.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Modulation of Bronchial Epithelial Barrier Integrity by Low Molecular Weight Components from Birch Pollen.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Research Progress on Bioactive Factors against Skin Aging.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Plant and Arthropod IgE-Binding Papain-like Cysteine Proteases: Multiple Contributions to Allergenicity.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Antigen Protease Activity on Intact or Tape-Stripped Skin Induces Acute Itch and T Helper Sensitization Leading to Airway Eosinophilia in Mice.JID innovations : skin science from molecules to population health · 2024Article
- Article
- Review
- Cell Dissociation Techniques in Salamanders.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2023Article
- Liposomes and transferosomes in the delivery of papain for the treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars.PloS one · 2023Article
- Sensing of protease activity as a triggering mechanism of Th2 cell immunity and allergic disease.Frontiers in allergy · 2023Review
- Review
- Article
- Visualization of autoantibodies and neutrophils in vivo identifies novel checkpoints in autoantibody-induced tissue injury.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- A WAO - ARIA - GAThe World Allergy Organization journal · 2020Article
- The Kiwifruit Allergen Act d 1 Activates NF-κB Signaling and Affects mRNA Expression of TJ Proteins and Innate Pro-Allergenic Cytokines.Biomolecules · 2019Article
- Role of T lymphocytes and papain enzymatic activity in the protection induced by the cysteine protease againstJournal of advanced research · 2019Article
- Best Practices for Preparing a Single Cell Suspension from Solid Tissues for Flow Cytometry.Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Papain is commonly used in food, pharmaceutical, textile, and cosmetic industries and is known to induce occupational allergic asthma. We have previously shown that the papain-like cysteine protease Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus 1 from house dust mite exhibits percutaneous sensitization potential. We aimed here to investigate the potential of papain itself in epicutaneous sensitization. The effects of papain on tight junction (TJ) proteins were tested in vitro in human primary keratinocytes. Using C57BL/6 wild-type and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-deficient mice, we analyzed the sensitization potential of papain, its effects on the skin barrier, and immune cell recruitment. Our results show that papain affects the skin barrier by increasing transepidermal water loss, degrading TJ proteins and inducing vasodilation. When topically applied, papain exhibited a high epicutaneous inflammatory potential by recruiting neutrophils, mast cells, and CD3-positive cells and by induction of a TH2-biased antibody response. However, its high potency for specific sensitization via the skin was TLR4 independent and, in spite of its capacity to degrade epidermal TJ proteins, does not rely on its enzymatic function. From our data, we conclude that papain has all features to act as a strong allergen via the skin.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.