ArticleActa physiologica (Oxford, England)2015
Effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines on cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors in immune cells.
Article in Acta physiologica (Oxford, England), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 116 citations in OpenAlex.
- Full-spectrum cannabidiol-rich oil modulates behavior and neurochemical alterations in a rodent model of maple syrup urine disease.Metabolic brain disease · 2026Article
- Interspecies differences in the expression of cannabinoid receptors at the tissue and cellular levels.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- The Effects of CB2R Activation on Inflammatory Pathways in Dermatomyositis.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Personalized resilience: how individual variability in brain-immune responses to stress influences the development of anxiety disorders.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Review
- Cannabinoid Receptor 2 (CB2) in Macrophages: A Promising Clinical Target for Immune Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Yinxieling attenuates psoriasis in mice by regulating oxidative stress and lipid mediators to correct immune cell disorder through the NF-κB/Nrf2 signaling pathways.Journal of traditional and complementary medicine · 2025Article
- Alcohol activates cannabinoid receptor 1 and 2 in a model of pathogen induced pulmonary inflammation.Toxicology letters · 2024Article
- Cannabidiol attenuates arsenic-induced nephrotoxicityResearch in pharmaceutical sciences · 2024Article
- Cannabinoids' Role in Modulating Central and Peripheral Immunity in Neurodegenerative Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- New Polymeric Hydrogels with Cannabidiol and α-Terpineol as Potential Materials for Skin Regeneration-Synthesis and Physicochemical and Biological Characterization.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Possible Role of Cannabis in the Management of Neuroinflammation in Patients with Post-COVID Condition.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- A narrative review of the therapeutic and remedial prospects of cannabidiol with emphasis on neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders.Journal of cannabis research · 2024Review
- Unveiling the Potential of Cannabinoids in Multiple Sclerosis and the Dawn of Nano-Cannabinoid Medicine.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- An observational study of clinical outcome measures in patients treated with cannabis-based medicinal products on the UK Medical Cannabis Registry.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2023Observational
- Activation of CB2R by synthetic CB2R agonist, PM289, improves brain endothelial barrier properties, decreases inflammatory response and enhances endothelial repair.NeuroImmune pharmacology and therapeutics · 2023Article
- Cannabinoids in the treatment of cancer anorexia and cachexia: Where have we been, where are we going?Asia-Pacific journal of oncology nursing · 2023Review
- GP120 and tenofovir alafenamide alter cannabinoid receptor 1 expression in hippocampus of mice.Journal of neurovirology · 2023Article
- Therapeutic Potential of Cannabis: A Comprehensive Review of Current and Future Applications.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Transcriptional Alterations Induced by Delta-9 Tetrahydrocannabinol in the Brain and Gonads of Adult Medaka.Journal of xenobiotics · 2023Article
- Alpha-linolenic acid modulates systemic and adipose tissue-specific insulin sensitivity, inflammation, and the endocannabinoid system in dairy cows.Scientific reports · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
aimsTo investigate the regulation of cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 on immune cells by pro-inflammatory cytokines and its potential relevance to the inflammatory neurological disease, multiple sclerosis (MS). CB1 and CB2 signalling may be anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective in neuroinflammatory diseases. Cannabinoids can suppress inflammatory cytokines but the effects of these cytokines on CB1 and CB2 expression and function are unknown.
methodsImmune cells from peripheral blood were obtained from healthy volunteers and patients with MS. Expression of CB1 and CB2 mRNA in whole blood cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and T cells was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Expression of CB1 and CB2 protein was determined by flow cytometry. CB1 and CB2 signalling in PBMC was determined by Western blotting for Erk1/2.
resultsPro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α (the latter likely NF-κB dependently) can upregulate CB1 and CB2 on human whole blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). We also demonstrate upregulation of CB1 and CB2 and increased IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA in blood of patients with MS compared with controls.
conclusionThe levels of CB1 and CB2 can be upregulated by inflammatory cytokines, which can explain their increase in inflammatory conditions including MS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.