ArticleJournal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.)2015
Association between low education and higher global cardiovascular risk.
Article in Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Prevalence of poor glycemic control in diabetic hypertensive patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC endocrine disorders · 2026Pooled it
- Associations of Socioeconomic Factors and Unhealthy Lifestyles with Allostatic Load: A Meta-analysis.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Exploring Representation of Diverse Samples in fMRI Studies Conducted in Patients With Cardiac-Related Chronic Illness: A Focused Systematic Review.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2020Pooled it
- Education Level and Long-term Mortality, Recurrent Stroke, and Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Ischemic Stroke.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2020Trial
- Educational and Socioeconomic Inequality and Cardiovascular Risk in Peru: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.JACC. Advances · 2026Article
- Prevalence of hypertension and associated factors among nurses working in private and public tertiary hospitals in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Relation of Cognitive Reserve Indicator to Heart Disease and Cardiac Structure and Function: A Large Community-Based Longitudinal Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
- Assessment and stratification of self-care profile of patients with essential hypertension.Singapore medical journal · 2024Article
- Education and cardiovascular diseases: a Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Article
- Predictors of Premature Mortality Following Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: An Iranian Single-Centre Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Association of glycemic control with hypertension in patients with diabetes: a population-based longitudinal study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2023Article
- Does the Disparity Patterning Differ between Diagnosed and Undiagnosed Hypertension among Adults? Evidence from Indonesia.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Cardiovascular risk factors mediating the protective effect of education on cervical spondylosis risk.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Development and validation of an instrument to assess Brazilians' knowledge, perceptions, and behaviors toward salt and sodium.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2022Article
- County-Level Social Vulnerability Is Positively Associated with Cardiometabolic Disease in Colorado.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Self-reported prevalence and potential factors influencing cardio-cerebral vascular disease among the Chinese elderly: A national cross-sectional study.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Article
- Structural Factors and Quality of Diabetes Health Services in Hail, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Cardiometabolic traits mediating the effect of education on osteoarthritis risk: a Mendelian randomization study.Osteoarthritis and cartilage · 2021Article
- Educational Level, but Not Income or Area Deprivation, is Related to Macrovascular Disease: Results From Two Population-Based Cohorts in Germany.International journal of public health · 2021Article
- The impact of educational attainment on cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic syndrome in Korean adults.Medicine · 2020Observational
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6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the impact of educational status on global cardiovascular risk in a southern Italian urban population. The study population consisted of 488 consecutive outpatients aged 18 years and older. Educational status was categorized according to the number of years of formal education as follows: (1) low education group (<10 years) and (2) medium-high education group (10-15 years). In both groups, cardiometabolic comorbidities (obesity, visceral obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, microalbuminuria, left ventricular hypertrophy) and global cardiovascular risk, according to international guidelines, were analyzed. Left ventricular mass index and ejection fraction by echocardiography and E/A ratio, by pulsed-wave Doppler, were calculated. The low education group was characterized by a significantly higher prevalence of patients with visceral obesity (P=.021), hypertension (P=.010), metabolic syndrome (P=.000), and microalbuminuria (P=.000) and greater global cardiovascular risk (P=.000). Significantly increased levels of microalbuminuria (P=.000) and significantly decreased values of E/A ratio (P=.000) were also detected in the low education group. Global cardiovascular risk correlated directly with waist-to-hip ratio (P=.010), microalbuminuria (P=.015), and the metabolic syndrome (P>.012) and inversely with educational status (P=.000). Education was independently (P=.000) associated with global cardiovascular risk. These data indicate a strong association between low education and cardiometabolic comorbidities suitable to influence the evolution of chronic degenerative diseases. Preventive strategies need to be more efficient and more effective in this patient population.
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