ArticleDiabetologia2015
Sleep restriction increases free fatty acids in healthy men.
Article in Diabetologia, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 81 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 151 citations in OpenAlex.
- Short sleep duration and the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/metabolic associated fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2023Pooled it
- Acute impairments in glucose tolerance following one night of partial sleep restriction are not rescued by moderate-intensity walking in young men.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Trial
- Shortened sleep duration impairs adipose tissue adrenergic stimulation of lipolysis in postmenopausal women.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2024Trial
- A Week of Sleep Restriction Does Not Affect Nighttime Glucose Concentration in Healthy Adult Males When Slow-Wave Sleep Is Maintained.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Trial
- Cold-Induced Thermogenesis Shows a Diurnal Variation That Unfolds Differently in Males and Females.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022Trial
- Clamping Cortisol and Testosterone Mitigates the Development of Insulin Resistance during Sleep Restriction in Men.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2021Trial
- Trial
- Four nights of sleep restriction suppress the postprandial lipemic response and decrease satiety.Journal of lipid research · 2019Trial
- Effects of Two-Week Sleep Extension on Glucose Metabolism in Chronically Sleep-Deprived Individuals.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2019Trial
- Efficacy and safety of insulin glargine 300 U/mL vs insulin degludec in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, open-label, cross-over study using continuous glucose monitoring profiles.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2019Trial
- Effects of Insufficient Sleep on Pituitary-Adrenocortical Response to CRH Stimulation in Healthy Men.Sleep · 2017Trial
- Sleep Restriction Enhances the Daily Rhythm of Circulating Levels of Endocannabinoid 2-Arachidonoylglycerol.Sleep · 2016Trial
- Elevated ghrelin predicts food intake during experimental sleep restriction.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2016Trial
- Work-to-sleep ratio as a novel marker of NAFLD risk: evidence from U.S. and Korean national cohorts.Nutrition & metabolism · 2026Article
- Sleep and Subjective Age: A Narrative Review of Epidemiological Evidence, Underlying Mechanisms, and Population Differences.Nature and science of sleep · 2026Review
- Through-the-Wall Blood Sampling Method to Minimize Sleep Disruption in Clinical Settings.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2025Article
- Multiomics reveal biomolecular shifts and ER stress in sleep-restricted women affecting NSC functions.iScience · 2025Article
- Insulin Resistance in Type 1 Diabetes: Pathophysiological, Clinical, and Therapeutic Relevance.Endocrine reviews · 2025Review
- Sleep disordered breathing and circulating non-esterified fatty acids: the cardiovascular health study.Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2025Article
- The Role of Circulating Fatty Acids in Mediating the Effect of Insomnia on Heart Failure: A Two-Step, Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.Nature and science of sleep · 2025Article
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
aims/hypothesisSleep loss is associated with insulin resistance and an increased risk for type 2 diabetes, yet underlying mechanisms are not understood. Elevation of circulating non-esterified (i.e. free) fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations can lead to insulin resistance and plays a central role in the development of metabolic diseases. Circulating NEFA in healthy individuals shows a marked diurnal variation with maximum levels occurring at night, yet the impact of sleep loss on NEFA levels across the 24 h cycle remains unknown. We hypothesised that sleep restriction would alter hormones that are known to stimulate lipolysis and lead to an increase in NEFA levels.
methodsWe studied 19 healthy young men under controlled laboratory conditions with four consecutive nights of 8.5 h in bed (normal sleep) and 4.5 h in bed (sleep restriction) in randomised order. The 24 h blood profiles of NEFA, growth hormone (GH), noradrenaline (norepinephrine), cortisol, glucose and insulin were simultaneously assessed. Insulin sensitivity was estimated by a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test.
resultsSleep restriction relative to normal sleep resulted in increased NEFA levels during the nocturnal and early-morning hours. The elevation in NEFA was related to prolonged nocturnal GH secretion and higher early-morning noradrenaline levels. Insulin sensitivity was decreased after sleep restriction and the reduction in insulin sensitivity was correlated with the increase in nocturnal NEFA levels. CONCLUSIONS/
interpretationSleep restriction in healthy men results in increased nocturnal and early-morning NEFA levels, which may partly contribute to insulin resistance and the elevated diabetes risk associated with sleep loss.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.