ArticleAntiviral research2015
Influenza A viruses of swine circulating in the United States during 2009-2014 are susceptible to neuraminidase inhibitors but show lineage-dependent resistance to adamantanes.
Article in Antiviral research, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Antiviral activity of Saponin C from Liriope muscari against influenza A virus and SARS-CoV-2.Virologica Sinica · 2026Article
- Antiviral Resistance in Influenza: Clinical and Public Health Implications.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2026Review
- High serological barriers may contribute to restricted Influenza-A-virus transmission between pigs and humans.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Antiviral Susceptibility of Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.2.1c and 2.3.4.4b Viruses from Humans, 2023-2024.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Genotypic and phenotypic susceptibility of emerging avian influenza A viruses to neuraminidase and cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitors.Antiviral research · 2024Article
- Aerosol Transmission from Infected Swine to Ferrets of an H3N2 Virus Collected from an Agricultural Fair and Associated with Human Variant Infections.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- Article
- Influenza Virus: Small Molecule Therapeutics and Mechanisms of Antiviral Resistance.Current medicinal chemistry · 2018Review
- Complete Genome Sequencing of Influenza A Viruses within Swine Farrow-to-Wean Farms Reveals the Emergence, Persistence, and Subsidence of Diverse Viral Genotypes.Journal of virology · 2017Article
- Human Monoclonal Antibody 81.39a Effectively Neutralizes Emerging Influenza A Viruses of Group 1 and 2 Hemagglutinins.Journal of virology · 2016Article
- Genetic Characterization of Circulating 2015 A(H1N1)pdm09 Influenza Viruses from Eastern India.PloS one · 2016Article
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10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Antiviral drug susceptibility is one of the evaluation criteria of pandemic potential posed by an influenza virus. Influenza A viruses of swine (IAV-S) can play an important role in generating novel variants, yet limited information is available on the drug resistance profiles of IAV-S circulating in the U.S. Phenotypic analysis of the IAV-S isolated in the U.S. (2009-2011) (n=105) revealed normal inhibition by the neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors (NAIs) oseltamivir, zanamivir, and peramivir. Screening NA sequences from IAV-S collected in the U.S. (1930-2014) showed 0.03% (1/3396) sequences with clinically relevant H274Y-NA substitution. Phenotypic analysis of IAV-S isolated in the U.S. (2009-2011) confirmed amantadine resistance caused by the S31N-M2 and revealed an intermediate level of resistance caused by the I27T-M2. The majority (96.7%, 589/609) of IAV-S with the I27T-M2 in the influenza database were isolated from pigs in the U.S. The frequency of amantadine-resistant markers among IAV-S in the U.S. was high (71%), and their distribution was M-lineage dependent. All IAV-S of the Eurasian avian M lineage were amantadine-resistant and possessed either a single S31N-M2 substitution (78%, 585/747) or its combination with the V27A-M2 (22%, 162/747). The I27T-M2 substitution accounted for 43% (429/993) of amantadine resistance in classic swine M lineage. Phylogenetic analysis showed that both S31N-M2 and I27T-M2 emerged stochastically but appeared to be fixed in the U.S. IAV-S population. This study defines a drug-susceptibility profile, identifies the frequency of drug-resistant markers, and establishes a phylogenetic approach for continued antiviral-susceptibility monitoring of IAV-S in the U.S.
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