ArticleToxicology and applied pharmacology2015
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate inhibits antral follicle growth, induces atresia, and inhibits steroid hormone production in cultured mouse antral follicles.
Article in Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 153 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic literature review and meta-analysis on the reproductive effects of micro- pollutants in humans and animals.Frontiers in toxicology · 2025Pooled it
- Review
- Effects of Phthalate Metabolite Mixture Exposure on Mouse Oocyte Development.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Unveiling the potential targets and mechanisms of DEHP/BPA exposure on PCOS: insights from network toxicology and molecular docking.Journal of ovarian research · 2025Article
- Neonatal exposure to an environmentally relevant phthalate mixture alters ovarian function in mice.Toxicology and applied pharmacology · 2025Article
- A common phthalate replacement disrupts ovarian function in young adult mice.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- In Vitro Toxicity of a DEHP and Cadmium Mixture on Sheep Cumulus-Oocyte Complexes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Quantitative label-free proteomic analysis of mouse ovarian antral follicles following oral exposure to a human-relevant mixture of three phthalates.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2024Article
- A common phthalate replacement disrupts ovarian function in young adult mice.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Current Phthalate Exposure Risks of Rural Population in the Northwest China: Evidence from an Internal Exposure Study.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2024Article
- Exposure to a phthalate mixture disrupts ovulatory progesterone receptor signaling in human granulosa cells in vitro†.Biology of reproduction · 2023Article
- Article
- Adolescent exposure to low-dose Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol depletes the ovarian reserve in female mice.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2023Article
- Article
- Article
- Reproductive toxicity of combined effects of endocrine disruptors on human reproduction.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Review
- Development, testing, parameterisation, and calibration of a human PBPK model for the plasticiser, di-(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHTP) usingFrontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- The Relationship between Typical Environmental Endocrine Disruptors and Kidney Disease.Toxics · 2022Review
- The effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on ovarian- and ovulation-related fertility outcomes.Molecular reproduction and development · 2022Review
- Multi- and Transgenerational Effects of Environmental Toxicants on Mammalian Reproduction.Cells · 2022Review
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a ubiquitous environmental toxicant found in consumer products that causes ovarian toxicity. Antral follicles are the functional ovarian units and must undergo growth, survival from atresia, and proper regulation of steroidogenesis to ovulate and produce hormones. Previous studies have determined that DEHP inhibits antral follicle growth and decreases estradiol levels in vitro; however, the mechanism by which DEHP elicits these effects is unknown. The present study tested the hypothesis that DEHP directly alters regulators of the cell cycle, apoptosis, and steroidogenesis to inhibit antral follicle functionality. Antral follicles from adult CD-1 mice were cultured with vehicle control or DEHP (1-100 μg/ml) for 24-96 h to establish the temporal effects of DEHP on the follicle. Following 24-96 h of culture, antral follicles were subjected to gene expression analysis, and media were subjected to measurements of hormone levels. DEHP increased the mRNA levels of cyclin D2, cyclin dependent kinase 4, cyclin E1, cyclin A2, and cyclin B1 and decreased the levels of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A prior to growth inhibition. Additionally, DEHP increased the mRNA levels of BCL2-associated agonist of cell death, BCL2-associated X protein, BCL2-related ovarian killer protein, B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2, and Bcl2-like 10, leading to an increase in atresia. Further, DEHP decreased the levels of progesterone, androstenedione, and testosterone prior to the decrease in estradiol levels, with decreased mRNA levels of side-chain cleavage, 17α-hydroxylase-17,20-desmolase, 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and aromatase. Collectively, DEHP directly alters antral follicle functionality by inhibiting growth, inducing atresia, and inhibiting steroidogenesis.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.