ArticleImmunobiology2015
The adult murine heart has a sparse, phagocytically active macrophage population that expands through monocyte recruitment and adopts an 'M2' phenotype in response to Th2 immunologic challenge.
Article in Immunobiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Myocardial and Systemic Inflammation in Acute Stress-Induced (Takotsubo) Cardiomyopathy.Circulation · 2019 · on this mapTrial
- Obesity-Associated Cardiac Fibrosis: Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutic Targets.Vascular health and risk management · 2026Review
- MK2 deficiency decreases mortality in male mice during the inflammatory phase after myocardial infarction.Physiological reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Cardiac fibrogenesis: an immuno-metabolic perspective.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Review
- The emerging role of leptin in obesity-associated cardiac fibrosis: evidence and mechanism.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2023Review
- Macrophages in myocardial infarction.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2022Review
- Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Takotsubo Syndrome.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Review
- Multiple roles of cardiac macrophages in heart homeostasis and failure.Heart failure reviews · 2022Review
- Identification of macrophages in normal and injured mouse tissues using reporter lines and antibodies.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- B cell activating factor regulates periodontitis development by suppressing inflammatory responses in macrophages.BMC oral health · 2021Article
- Takotsubo syndrome: hyperthyroidism, pheochromocytoma, or both? A case report.European heart journal. Case reports · 2021Article
- Tetracyclines improve experimental lymphatic filariasis pathology by disrupting interleukin-4 receptor-mediated lymphangiogenesis.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2021Article
- IL-10-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms Are Involved in the Cardiac Pathology Modulation Mediated by Fenofibrate in an Experimental Model of Chagas Heart Disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- The Dynamic Interplay Between Cardiac Inflammation and Fibrosis.Frontiers in physiology · 2020Review
- Macrophage Activities in Myocardial Infarction and Heart Failure.Cardiology research and practice · 2020Review
- Eosinophils and Macrophages within the Th2-Induced Granuloma: Balancing Killing and Healing in a Tight Space.Infection and immunity · 2019Review
- Ischaemia alters the effects of cardiomyocyte-derived extracellular vesicles on macrophage activation.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2019Article
- Monocytes and Macrophages in Heart Valves: Uninvited Guests or Critical Performers?Current opinion in biomedical engineering · 2018Article
- Resident cells of the myocardium: more than spectators in cardiac injury, repair and regeneration.Current opinion in physiology · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Tissue resident macrophages have vital homeostatic roles in many tissues but their roles are less well defined in the heart. The present study aimed to identify the density, polarisation status and distribution of macrophages in the healthy murine heart and to investigate their ability to respond to immune challenge. Histological analysis of hearts from CSF-1 receptor (csf1-GFP; MacGreen) and CX3CR1 (Cx3cr1(GFP/+)) reporter mice revealed a sparse population of GFP positive macrophages that were evenly distributed throughout the left and right ventricular free walls and septum. F4/80+CD11b+ cardiac macrophages, sorted from myocardial homogenates, were able to phagocytose fluorescent beads in vitro and expressed markers typical of both 'M1' (IL-1β, TNF and CCR2) and 'M2' activation (Ym1, Arg 1, RELMα and IL-10), suggesting no specific polarisation in healthy myocardium. Exposure to Th2 challenge by infection of mice with helminth parasites Schistosoma mansoni, or Heligmosomoides polygyrus, resulted in an increase in cardiac macrophage density, adoption of a stellate morphology and increased expression of Ym1, RELMα and CD206 (mannose receptor), indicative of 'M2' polarisation. This was dependent on recruitment of Ly6ChighCCR2+ monocytes and was accompanied by an increase in collagen content. In conclusion, in the healthy heart resident macrophages are relatively sparse and have a phagocytic role. Following Th2 challenge this population expands due to monocyte recruitment and adopts an 'M2' phenotype associated with increased tissue fibrosis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.