ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2015
Conjugate-like immunogens produced as protein capsular matrix vaccines.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- A phase 1 randomized safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity study of Typhax: A novel protein capsular matrix vaccine candidate for the prevention of typhoid fever.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Trial
- Future Pneumococcal Vaccines: Shifting from Capsular Polysaccharides to Protein-Based Immunogens.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Splenectomy revisited in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome in the era of HSCT and gene therapy: a bridge, a rescue, or simply obsolete?Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- From ancient remedies to modern miracles: tracing the evolution of vaccines and their impact on public health.3 Biotech · 2024Review
- Designing the fusion protein of rotavirus VP8 and hepatitis A virus VP1 and evaluating the immunological response in BALB/c mice.Iranian journal of microbiology · 2024Article
- A narrative review of genomic characteristics, serotype, immunogenicity, and vaccine development ofClinical and experimental vaccine research · 2024Review
- Article
- Epitope-Directed Antibody Elicitation by Genetically Encoded Chemical Cross-Linking Reactivity in the Antigen.ACS central science · 2023Article
- Strengths and weaknesses of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines.Glycoconjugate journal · 2023Review
- A modular vaccine platform enabled by decoration of bacterial outer membrane vesicles with biotinylated antigens.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Exploring the variables influencing the immune response of traditional and innovative glycoconjugate vaccines.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2023Review
- Synthetic Glycans to Improve Current Glycoconjugate Vaccines and Fight Antimicrobial Resistance.Chemical reviews · 2022Review
- Carrier Proteins Facilitate the Generation of Antipolysaccharide Immunity via Multiple Mechanisms.mBio · 2022Article
- Rotavirus spike protein ΔVP8* as a novel carrier protein for conjugate vaccine platform with demonstrated antigenic potential for use as bivalent vaccine.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Immunobiology of Carbohydrates: Implications for Novel Vaccine and Adjuvant Design Against Infectious Diseases.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- Interplay of Carbohydrate and Carrier in Antibacterial Glycoconjugate Vaccines.Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology · 2021Article
- Review on the Recent Advances on Typhoid Vaccine Development and Challenges Ahead.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Review
- Vaccines for enteric diseases.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2019Article
- Recent advances in the production of recombinant glycoconjugate vaccines.NPJ vaccines · 2019Review
- In vitro characterization and preclinical immunogenicity of Typhax, a typhoid fever protein capsular matrix vaccine candidate.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Capsular polysaccharides are the primary antigenic components involved in protective immunity against encapsulated bacterial pathogens. Although immunization of adolescents and adults with polysaccharide antigens has reduced pathogen disease burden, pure polysaccharide vaccines have proved ineffective at conferring protective immunity to infants and the elderly, age cohorts that are deficient in their adaptive immune responses to such antigens. However, T-cell-independent polysaccharide antigens can be converted into more potent immunogens by chemically coupling to a "carrier protein" antigen. Such "conjugate vaccines" efficiently induce antibody avidity maturation, isotype switching, and immunological memory in immunized neonates. These immune responses have been attributed to T-cell recognition of peptides derived from the coupled carrier protein. The covalent attachment of polysaccharide antigens to the carrier protein is thought to be imperative to the immunological properties of conjugate vaccines. Here we provide evidence that covalent attachment to carrier proteins is not required for conversion of T-independent antigens into T-dependent immunogens. Simple entrapment of polysaccharides or a d-amino acid polymer antigen in a cross-linked protein matrix was shown to be sufficient to produce potent immunogens that possess the key characteristics of conventional conjugate vaccines. The versatility and ease of manufacture of these antigen preparations, termed protein capsular matrix vaccines (PCMVs), will likely provide improvements in the manufacture of vaccines designed to protect against encapsulated microorganisms. This in turn could improve the availability of such vaccines to the developing world, which has shown only a limited capacity to afford the cost of conventional conjugate vaccines.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.