ReviewGMS hygiene and infection control2015
Lesser-known or hidden reservoirs of infection and implications for adequate prevention strategies: Where to look and what to look for.
Review in GMS hygiene and infection control, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Aerosol-based exposure to opportunistic pathogens originating from hospital sink drains.American journal of infection control · 2026Article
- Microbial Colonization, Biofilm Formation, and Malodour of Washing Machine Surfaces and Fabrics and the Evolution of Detergents in Response to Consumer Demands and Environmental Concerns.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Yearlong analysis of bacterial diversity in hospital sink drains: culturomics, antibiotic resistance and implications for infection control.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- How to Defeat Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in Intensive Care Units. A Lesson from the COVID-19 Pandemic. Prevention, Reservoirs, and Implications for Clinical Practice.International journal of medical sciences · 2024Article
- Virucidal Efficacy of Laundering.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Antibiotic-resistant organisms establish reservoirs in new hospital built environments and are related to patient blood infection isolates.Communications medicine · 2022Article
- Metatranscriptomic Analysis of Bacterial Communities on Laundered Textiles: A Pilot Case Study.Microorganisms · 2021Article
- Outbreaks of healthcare-associated infections linked to water-containing hospital equipment: a literature review.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2021Review
- Cultivation-Based Quantification and Identification of Bacteria at Two Hygienic Key Sides of Domestic Washing Machines.Microorganisms · 2021Article
- Article
- Chemical disinfection in healthcare settings: critical aspects for the development of global strategies.GMS hygiene and infection control · 2020Article
- The role of textiles as fomites in the healthcare environment: a review of the infection control risk.PeerJ · 2020Article
- Influence of Sampling Site and other Environmental Factors on the Bacterial Community Composition of Domestic Washing Machines.Microorganisms · 2019Article
- Droplet- Rather than Aerosol-Mediated Dispersion Is the Primary Mechanism of Bacterial Transmission from Contaminated Hand-Washing Sink Traps.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2019Article
- An Ergonomic Assessment of Hospital Linen Bag Handling.New solutions : a journal of environmental and occupational health policy : NS · 2017Article
- Antibiotic resistance: What is so special about multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria?GMS hygiene and infection control · 2017Article
- Environmental (Saprozoic) Pathogens of Engineered Water Systems: Understanding Their Ecology for Risk Assessment and Management.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In developing hygiene strategies, in recent years, the major focus has been on the hands as the key route of infection transmission. However, there is a multitude of lesser-known and underestimated reservoirs for microorganisms which are the triggering sources and vehicles for outbreaks or sporadic cases of infection. Among those are water reservoirs such as sink drains, fixtures, decorative water fountains and waste-water treatment plants, frequently touched textile surfaces such as private curtains in hospitals and laundry, but also transvaginal ultrasound probes, parenteral drug products, and disinfectant wipe dispensers. The review of outbreak reports also reveals Gram-negative and multiple-drug resistant microorganisms to have become an increasingly frequent and severe threat in medical settings. In some instances, the causative organisms are particularly difficult to identify because they are concealed in biofilms or in a state referred to as viable but nonculturable, which eludes conventional culture media-based detection methods. There is an enormous preventative potential in these insights, which has not been fully tapped. New and emerging pathogens, novel pathogen detection methods, and hidden reservoirs of infection should hence be given special consideration when designing the layout of buildings and medical devices, but also when defining the core competencies for medical staff, establishing programmes for patient empowerment and education of the general public, and when implementing protocols for the prevention and control of infections in medical, community and domestic settings.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.