ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology2015
Interactions of the opioid and cannabinoid systems in reward: Insights from knockout studies.
Review in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 123 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluation of the Clinical Efficacy of a Novel Palmitoylethanolamide-Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Trial
- The Endocannabinoid System in Endometriosis-Associated Pain: Mechanisms, Molecular Targets, and Therapeutic Implications.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2026Review
- The Neurochemical Orchestra of the Runner's High: A Narrative Review of Neuromodulatory Mechanisms with a Focus on Endocannabinoids.The Neuroscientist : a review journal bringing neurobiology, neurology and psychiatry · 2026Review
- Medical cannabis authorization and opioid milligram equivalents over time in patients with chronic pain: a retrospective analysis.Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Heroin-induced neuroadaptations of CB1 receptors and their involvement in conditioned place preference.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Metabolomic analysis of plasma and brain tissues in fentanyl-induced conditioned place preference mice.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- FAAH and MAGL inhibition: Evolving approaches to treating substance use disorders.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Review
- Distinct contributions of mu opioid and CB2 cannabinoid receptors to neuroimmune and behavioral responses.Advances in drug and alcohol research · 2026Article
- Cannabinoid CB1 receptor and mu-opioid receptor interaction: new insights from conditional knockout mice.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Intranasal naloxone to treat suspected synthetic cannabinoid overdose: A case report and literature review.The mental health clinician · 2025Article
- Chronic inflammatory pain and chronic THC vapor inhalation alter midbrain neuronal activity.Journal of neurophysiology · 2025Article
- The mechanism of action of neuromodulation in the treatment of overactive bladder.Nature reviews. Urology · 2025Review
- CB-1 receptor agonist drastically changes oscillatory activity, defining active sleep.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- The Complex Relationship Between Cannabis Use and Mental Health: Considering the Influence of Cannabis Use Patterns and Individual Factors.CNS drugs · 2025Review
- Binge Eating and Obesity Differentially Alter the Mesolimbic Endocannabinoid System in Rats.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Fentanyl exposure alters rat CB1 receptor expression in the insula, nucleus accumbens and substantia nigra.Neuroscience letters · 2025Article
- THC Vapor Inhalation Attenuates Hyperalgesia in Rats Using a Chronic Inflammatory Pain Model.The journal of pain · 2024Article
- Exploring the association between melatonin and nicotine dependence (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2024Review
- Negative allosteric modulation of CBNeuropharmacology · 2024Article
- Negative allosteric modulation of CB1 cannabinoid receptor signalling decreases intravenous morphine self-administration and relapse in mice.Addiction biology · 2024Article
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The opioid system consists of three receptors, mu, delta, and kappa, which are activated by endogenous opioid peptides (enkephalins, endorphins, and dynorphins). The endogenous cannabinoid system comprises lipid neuromodulators (endocannabinoids), enzymes for their synthesis and their degradation and two well-characterized receptors, cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2. These systems play a major role in the control of pain as well as in mood regulation, reward processing and the development of addiction. Both opioid and cannabinoid receptors are coupled to G proteins and are expressed throughout the brain reinforcement circuitry. Extending classical pharmacology, research using genetically modified mice has provided important progress in the identification of the specific contribution of each component of these endogenous systems in vivo on reward process. This review will summarize available genetic tools and our present knowledge on the consequences of gene knockout on reinforced behaviors in both systems, with a focus on their potential interactions. A better understanding of opioid-cannabinoid interactions may provide novel strategies for therapies in addicted individuals.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.