ReviewCNS drugs2015
The efficacy of atomoxetine for the treatment of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a comprehensive review of over a decade of clinical research.
Review in CNS drugs, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium Guideline for Cytochrome P450 (CYP)2D6 Genotype and Atomoxetine Therapy.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2019Guideline
- Atomoxetine for amphetamine-type stimulant dependence during buprenorphine treatment: A randomized controlled trial.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2018Trial
- Trial
- Understanding Atomoxetine Exposure Variability in Children and Adolescents With ADHD Through Population Pharmacokinetics.Journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Article
- Autonomic characterization in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder assessed by heart rate variability measurement during a three-behavioral state paradigm: A pilot study.PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2025Article
- An Evaluation of Whether Routine QTc Interval Screening Is Necessary Prior to Starting ADHD Medications: Experience from a Large Retrospective Study.Pediatric reports · 2024Article
- Atomoxetine Treatment of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in 3-6-Year-Old Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Growing evidence of pharmacotherapy effectiveness in managing attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in young children with or without autism spectrum disorder: a minireview.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Review
- Personalizing atomoxetine dosing in children with ADHD: what can we learn from current supporting evidence.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2023Review
- Using fNIRS to evaluate ADHD medication effects on neuronal activity: A systematic literature review.Frontiers in neuroimaging · 2023Article
- Effects of Atomoxetine on Motor and Cognitive Behaviors and Brain Electrophysiological Activity of Dopamine Transporter Knockout Rats.Biomolecules · 2022Article
- A Practical, Evidence-informed Approach to Managing Stimulant-Refractory Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).CNS drugs · 2021Review
- The associations between maternal and child diet quality and child ADHD - findings from a large Norwegian pregnancy cohort study.BMC psychiatry · 2021Article
- ADHD: Reviewing the Causes and Evaluating Solutions.Journal of personalized medicine · 2021Review
- The Mechanism, Clinical Efficacy, Safety, and Dosage Regimen of Atomoxetine for ADHD Therapy in Children: A Narrative Review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Review
- How Can Drug Metabolism and Transporter Genetics Inform Psychotropic Prescribing?Frontiers in genetics · 2020Review
- Efficacy of atomoxetine in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in patients with common comorbidities in children, adolescents and adults: a review.Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology · 2016Review
- Review
- Characterization of Atomoxetine Biotransformation and Implications for Development of PBPK Models for Dose Individualization in Children.Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Atomoxetine was first licensed to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents in the US in 2002. The aim of this paper is to comprehensively review subsequent publications addressing the efficacy of atomoxetine in 6- to 18-year-olds with ADHD. We identified 125 eligible papers using a predefined search strategy. Overall, these papers demonstrate that atomoxetine is an effective treatment for the core ADHD symptoms (effect sizes 0.6-1.3, vs. placebo, at 6-18 weeks), and improves functional outcomes and quality of life, in various pediatric populations with ADHD (i.e., males/females, patients with co-morbidities, children/adolescents, and with/without prior exposure to other ADHD medications). Initial responses to atomoxetine may be apparent within 1 week of treatment, but can take longer (median 23 days in a 6-week study; n=72). Responses often build gradually over time, and may not be robust until after 3 months. A pooled analysis of six randomized placebo-controlled trials (n=618) indicated that responses at 4 weeks may predict response at 6-9 weeks, although another pooled analysis of open-label data (n=338) suggests that the probability of a robust response to atomoxetine [≥40% decrease in ADHD-Rating Scale (ADHD-RS) scores] may continue to increase beyond 6-9 weeks. Atomoxetine may demonstrate similar efficacy to methylphenidate, particularly immediate-release methylphenidate, although randomized controlled trials are generally limited by short durations (3-12 weeks). In conclusion, notwithstanding these positive findings, before initiating treatment with atomoxetine, it is important that the clinician sets appropriate expectations for the patient and their family with regard to the likelihood of a gradual response, which often builds over time.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.