Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25697341›Full record

ArticleMolecular biology and evolution2015

Less is more: an adaptive branch-site random effects model for efficient detection of episodic diversifying selection.

Martin D Smith, Joel O Wertheim, Steven Weaver, Ben Murrell, Konrad Scheffler, Sergei L Kosakovsky Pond

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular biology and evolution, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 508 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
508citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

508 citing papers in PubMed.

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  18. Indirect genomic effects shape cancer risk across species.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
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  20. Article

448 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Martin D SmithGraduate Program in Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, University of California San Diego.
Joel O WertheimDepartment of Medicine, University of California San Diego.
Steven WeaverDepartment of Medicine, University of California San Diego.
Ben MurrellDepartment of Medicine, University of California San Diego.
Konrad SchefflerDepartment of Medicine, University of California San Diego Department of Mathematical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
Sergei L Kosakovsky PondDepartment of Medicine, University of California San Diego spond@ucsd.edu.

Funding

VirologyP30AI036214 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Maile Ann Young Karris · 1994 to 2026
$78.4M
iDASH: Integrating Data for Analysis, Anonymization, and SharingU54HL108460 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI OHNO-MACHADO, LUCILA · 2010 to 2015
$19.1M
Viral correlates of neutralizing antibody responseU19AI090970 · NIAID · INTERNATIONAL AIDS VACCINE INITIATIVE · PI CROTTY, SHANE P · 2010 to 2014
$9.3M
Molecular Epidemiology for HIV Prevention for Drug Users and Other Risk Groups DP1DA034978 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI SMITH, DAVID MITCHELL · 2012 to 2016
$4.1M
Modeling Epidemic Infectious Diseases Using Sequence AnalysisU01GM110749 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI POND, SERGEI L KOSAKOVSKY · 2014 to 2018
$3.0M
HyPhy: Molecular Evolutionary AnalysesR01GM093939 · NIGMS · TEMPLE UNIV OF THE COMMONWEALTH · PI MUSE, SPENCER V., POND, SERGEI L KOSAKOVSKY · 2010 to 2018
$2.5M
Mentoring Translational Research in HIVK24AI100665 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI SMITH, DAVID MITCHELL · 2012 to 2021
$1.5M
Public Health Implications of HIV Transmission NetworksK01AI110181 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI WERTHEIM, JOEL OKRENT · 2014 to 2018
$668k
NHLBI NIH HHS U54 HL108460NHLBI NIH HHS U54HL108460NIAID NIH HHS AI090970NIAID NIH HHS AI100665NIAID NIH HHS AI110181NIAID NIH HHS AI36214NIAID NIH HHS K01 AI110181NIAID NIH HHS K24 AI100665NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI036214NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI090970NIDA NIH HHS DA034978NIDA NIH HHS DP1 DA034978NIGMS NIH HHS GM093939NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM093939NIGMS NIH HHS U01 GM110749NIGMS NIH HHS U01GM110749
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Over the past two decades, comparative sequence analysis using codon-substitution models has been honed into a powerful and popular approach for detecting signatures of natural selection from molecular data. A substantial body of work has focused on developing a class of "branch-site" models which permit selective pressures on sequences, quantified by the ω ratio, to vary among both codon sites and individual branches in the phylogeny. We develop and present a method in this class, adaptive branch-site random effects likelihood (aBSREL), whose key innovation is variable parametric complexity chosen with an information theoretic criterion. By applying models of different complexity to different branches in the phylogeny, aBSREL delivers statistical performance matching or exceeding best-in-class existing approaches, while running an order of magnitude faster. Based on simulated data analysis, we offer guidelines for what extent and strength of diversifying positive selection can be detected reliably and suggest that there is a natural limit on the optimal parametric complexity for "branch-site" models. An aBSREL analysis of 8,893 Euteleostomes gene alignments demonstrates that over 80% of branches in typical gene phylogenies can be adequately modeled with a single ω ratio model, that is, current models are unnecessarily complicated. However, there are a relatively small number of key branches, whose identities are derived from the data using a model selection procedure, for which it is essential to accurately model evolutionary complexity.

Indexed as

Evolution, MolecularCodonComputer SimulationGenetic VariationPhylogenySelection, GeneticCodonbranch-site modelepisodic selectionevolutionary modelmodel complexityrandom effects modelvariable selection

Identifiers

PMID25697341
PMCPMC4408413

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.