Trial reportPloS one2015
Effects of heavy-resistance strength and balance training on unilateral and bilateral leg strength performance in old adults.
Trial report in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- A 4-Week Mobile App-Based Telerehabilitation Program vs Conventional In-Person Rehabilitation in Older Adults With Sarcopenia: Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Trial
- Effects of Bilateral or Unilateral Plyometric Training of Lower Limbs on the Bilateral Deficit During Explosive Efforts.Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions · 2024Trial
- Hip and Knee Bilateral Deficit Across Bilateral, Unilateral, and Split-Load Leg Press Conditions.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2026Article
- Framework for a short muscle function battery using electronic handgrip dynamometry and accelerometry in older adults.The Journal of frailty & aging · 2025Article
- Are pelvic floor muscle function, quadriceps femoris muscle, gluteus medius muscle, hand grip strength and functional performance affected by incontinence types in elderly people with urinary incontinence?International urology and nephrology · 2025Article
- Variability of unilateral and bilateral isometric muscle strength of lower extremities extensors in young females and males.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2024Article
- Resistance band training with functional electrical stimulation improves force control capabilities in older adults: a preliminary study.EXCLI journal · 2024Article
- The Association between Bilateral Deficit and Athletic Performance: A Brief Review.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- A Review on Aging, Sarcopenia, Falls, and Resistance Training in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Bilateral Deficit in Countermovement Jump and Its Influence on Linear Sprinting, Jumping, and Change of Direction Ability in Volleyball Players.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Article
- Effects of Resistance Exercise on Balance Ability: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Does individual-specific strength training have an effect upon knee muscle strength balances? Knee muscle strength balances.Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions · 2018Article
- Knee strength ratios in competitive female athletes.PloS one · 2018Article
- Eccentric Exercise Program Design: A Periodization Model for Rehabilitation Applications.Frontiers in physiology · 2017Article
- Corticospinal and transcallosal modulation of unilateral and bilateral contractions of lower limbs.European journal of applied physiology · 2016Article
- Bilateral deficit in maximal force production.European journal of applied physiology · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The term "bilateral deficit" (BLD) has been used to describe a reduction in performance during bilateral contractions when compared to the sum of identical unilateral contractions. In old age, maximal isometric force production (MIF) decreases and BLD increases indicating the need for training interventions to mitigate this impact in seniors. In a cross-sectional approach, we examined age-related differences in MIF and BLD in young (age: 20-30 years) and old adults (age: >65 years). In addition, a randomized-controlled trial was conducted to investigate training-specific effects of resistance vs. balance training on MIF and BLD of the leg extensors in old adults. Subjects were randomly assigned to resistance training (n = 19), balance training (n = 14), or a control group (n = 20). Bilateral heavy-resistance training for the lower extremities was performed for 13 weeks (3 × / week) at 80% of the one repetition maximum. Balance training was conducted using predominately unilateral exercises on wobble boards, soft mats, and uneven surfaces for the same duration. Pre- and post-tests included uni- and bilateral measurements of maximal isometric leg extension force. At baseline, young subjects outperformed older adults in uni- and bilateral MIF (all p < .001; d = 2.61-3.37) and in measures of BLD (p < .001; d = 2.04). We also found significant increases in uni- and bilateral MIF after resistance training (all p < .001, d = 1.8-5.7) and balance training (all p < .05, d = 1.3-3.2). In addition, BLD decreased following resistance (p < .001, d = 3.4) and balance training (p < .001, d = 2.6). It can be concluded that both training regimens resulted in increased MIF and decreased BLD of the leg extensors (HRT-group more than BAL-group), almost reaching the levels of young adults.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.