Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25695334›Full record

ArticleGut microbes2015

Characterization of the human gut microbiome during travelers' diarrhea.

Bonnie P Youmans, Nadim J Ajami, Zhi-Dong Jiang, Frederick Campbell, W Duncan Wadsworth, Joseph F Petrosino, Herbert L DuPont, Sarah K Highlander

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Gut microbes, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 89 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
89citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
7.1field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

89 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 150 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Guideline
  2. Trial
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. EnteroaggregativeEcoSal Plus · 2025
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  9. Salinity Effects on Aquatic and Host Intestinal Microbiota Dynamics inAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025
    Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Assessing Zoonotic Risks ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Fecal microbiome profiling of children withMicrobiology spectrum · 2025
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. High prevalence of enterotoxigenicFrontiers in microbiology · 2025
    Article
  20. Article

29 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.

Bonnie P Youmansa Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology ; Baylor College of Medicine ; Houston , TX USA.
Nadim J Ajami
Zhi-Dong Jiang
Frederick Campbell
W Duncan Wadsworth
Joseph F Petrosino
Herbert L DuPont
Sarah K Highlander
Institute of Metagenomics and Microbial Technologies (Slovenia) · SINational Center for Infectious Diseases · USRice University · USGenomic (Brazil) · BRMinneapolis Institute of Arts · US

Funding

The Human Genome Sequencing CenterU54HG003273 · NHGRI · BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE · PI GIBBS, RICHARD A · 2004 to 2015
$341.3M
Initiative for Maximizing Student Development (IMSD) ProgramR25GM056929 · NIGMS · BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE · PI PEREIRA, FRED A · 1998 to 2023
$12.4M
Training Program in Biostatistics for Cancer ResearchT32CA096520 · NCI · RICE UNIVERSITY · PI KIMMEL, MAREK, YUAN, YING · 2003 to 2023
$4.5M
Metagenomics guided pathogen discovery in Travelers' DiarrheaR21DK099573 · NIDDK · J. CRAIG VENTER INSTITUTE, INC. · PI HIGHLANDER, SARAH KATHERINE · 2013 to 2014
$471k
Alterations in the human gut microbiome associated with travelers' diarrheaF31DK094596 · NIDDK · BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE · PI YOUMANS, BONNIE PATRICIA · 2012 to 2013
$69k
NCI NIH HHS 2T32CA096520NHGRI NIH HHS U54HG003273NIDDK NIH HHS F31 DK094596NIDDK NIH HHS F31DK094596NIDDK NIH HHS R21DK099573NIGMS NIH HHS R25GM056929
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Alterations in the gut microbiota are correlated with ailments such as obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, and diarrhea. Up to 60% of individuals traveling from industrialized to developing countries acquire a form of secretory diarrhea known as travelers' diarrhea (TD), and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and norovirus (NoV) are the leading causative pathogens. Presumably, TD alters the gut microbiome, however the effect of TD on gut communities has not been studied. We report the first analysis of bacterial gut populations associated with TD. We examined and compared the gut microbiomes of individuals who developed TD associated with ETEC, NoV, or mixed pathogens, and TD with no pathogen identified, to healthy travelers. We observed a signature dysbiotic gut microbiome profile of high Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratios in the travelers who developed diarrhea, regardless of etiologic agent or presence of a pathogen. There was no significant difference in α-diversity among travelers. The bacterial composition of the microbiota of the healthy travelers was similar to the diarrheal groups, however the β-diversity of the healthy travelers was significantly different than any pathogen-associated TD group. Further comparison of the healthy traveler microbiota to those from healthy subjects who were part of the Human Microbiome Project also revealed a significantly higher Firmicutes:Bacteriodetes ratio in the healthy travelers and significantly different β-diversity. Thus, the composition of the gut microbiome in healthy, diarrhea-free travelers has characteristics of a dysbiotic gut, suggesting that these alterations could be associated with factors such as travel.

Indexed as

DysbiosisGastrointestinal MicrobiomeTravelBacteriaCaliciviridae InfectionsDiarrheaEscherichia coli InfectionsHumansDAEC, diffuse-adhering E. colidysbiosisEAEC, enteroaggregative E. colienterotoxigenic Escherichia coliETEC, enterotoxigenic E. coligastrointestinal diseaseHMP, Human Microbiome ProjectIBD, inflammatory bowel diseaseIBS, irritable bowel syndromemicrobiomenorovirusNoV + Ec, norovirus plus pathogenic E. coliNoV, norovirusNPI, no pathogen identifiednt, nucleotideOTU, operational taxonomic unitrDNA, ribosomal DNArRNA, ribosomal RNATD, travelers' diarrheatravelers' diarrhea

Identifiers

PMID25695334
PMCPMC4615231
OpenAlexW1912990956

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.