ArticleNephro-urology monthly2014
Elevated Blood Pressure and Serum γ -Glutamyltransferase as Significant Characteristics of Smokers With Chronic Kidney Disease.
Article in Nephro-urology monthly, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gender-biased kidney damage in mice following exposure to tobacco cigarette smoke: More protection in premenopausal females.Physiological reports · 2020Article
- Different association of cigarette smoking with GFR estimated from serum creatinine and that from serum cystatin C in the general population.Clinical and experimental nephrology · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSmoking is a risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, it is speculated that only a small subset of sensitive smokers develop CKD.
objectivesWe aimed to reveal the characteristics of such smokers sensitive to the renal effects of smoking with respect to cardiovascular (CV) risk factors associated with smoking and/or CKD. PATIENTS AND
methodsRenal functions and CVD risk factors were assessed in middle-aged male workers. The patients were comprised of 336 nonsmokers, 332 smokers currently smoking up to one pack per day, and 38 who smoked more than one pack per day. CKD was determined by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from serum creatinine and urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR). The independent and interactive effects of smoking and CKD on the CVD risk factors adjusted for age, body mass index, alcohol consumption, and physical activity were statistically analyzed.
resultsIn comparison to nonsmokers, smokers had significantly higher waist circumference, white blood cells (WBC), serum triglycerides, γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), and C-reactive protein (CRP) and lower serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and uric acid. On the other hand, blood pressure (BP) and WBC tended to be higher in those showing CKD than others. Serum GGT and fasting plasma glucose were significantly higher, and insulin resistance index of homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR) tended to be higher in those with CKD. Serum CRP was especially high in those with moderate to severe CKD. A significant interactive effect of smoking and CKD on BP and serum GGT levels was detected, i.e. BP and GGT were not different in the subjects among nonsmokers with and without CKD, but were conspicuously high among smokers with CKD. No significant interactive effect was found on either HOMA-IR or serum CRP.
conclusionsSmokers with a higher BP and/or serum GGT may be at a higher risk of developing CKD. The associations of BP and serum GGT with CKD in smokers are not entirely mediated by increased insulin resistance or chronic inflammation caused by smoking.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.