Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25694627›Full record

ArticleProceedings. Biological sciences2015

Secondary metabolites in floral nectar reduce parasite infections in bumblebees.

Leif L Richardson, Lynn S Adler, Anne S Leonard, Jonathan Andicoechea, Karly H Regan, Winston E Anthony, Jessamyn S Manson, Rebecca E Irwin

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings. Biological sciences, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 92 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
92citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

92 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Can floral nectars reduce transmission of Leishmania?PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022
    Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Animal medical systems from Apis to apes: history, recent advances and future perspectives.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2025
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Diversity and Chemical Characterization of Apple (Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024
    Article
  13. Phytochemical profiles of honey bees (Royal Society open science · 2024
    Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article

32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Leif L RichardsonDepartment of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA leif.richardson@uvm.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4855-5737
Lynn S AdlerBiology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
Anne S LeonardBiology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
Jonathan AndicoecheaDepartment of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
Karly H ReganBiology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
Winston E AnthonyBiology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
Jessamyn S MansonDepartment of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
Rebecca E IrwinDepartment of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The synthesis of secondary metabolites is a hallmark of plant defence against herbivores. These compounds may be detrimental to consumers, but can also protect herbivores against parasites. Floral nectar commonly contains secondary metabolites, but little is known about the impacts of nectar chemistry on pollinators, including bees. We hypothesized that nectar secondary metabolites could reduce bee parasite infection. We inoculated individual bumblebees with Crithidia bombi, an intestinal parasite, and tested effects of eight naturally occurring nectar chemicals on parasite population growth. Secondary metabolites strongly reduced parasite load, with significant effects of alkaloids, terpenoids and iridoid glycosides ranging from 61 to 81%. Using microcolonies, we also investigated costs and benefits of consuming anabasine, the compound with the strongest effect on parasites, in infected and uninfected bees. Anabasine increased time to egg laying, and Crithidia reduced bee survival. However, anabasine consumption did not mitigate the negative effects of Crithidia, and Crithidia infection did not alter anabasine consumption. Our novel results highlight that although secondary metabolites may not rescue survival in infected bees, they may play a vital role in mediating Crithidia transmission within and between colonies by reducing Crithidia infection intensities.

Indexed as

AlkaloidsCrithidiaGlycosidesTerpenesAnabasineAnimalsBeesDisease ResistanceHost-Parasite InteractionsPlant NectarSecondary MetabolismAlkaloidsAnabasineGlycosidesPlant NectarTerpenesbumblebeesCrithidia bombiparasitismplant secondary metabolitespollinationtritrophic interactions

Identifiers

PMID25694627
PMCPMC4345440

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.