Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25694464›Full record

ReviewEuropean heart journal2015

Statin-associated muscle symptoms: impact on statin therapy-European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel Statement on Assessment, Aetiology and Management.

Erik S Stroes, Paul D Thompson, Alberto Corsini, Georgirene D Vladutiu, Frederick J Raal, Kausik K Ray, Michael Roden, Evan Stein, Lale Tokgözoğlu, Børge G Nordestgaard and 17 more

Registry-linked trialOpen access · hybridAbstract readReviewConsensus Statement
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in European heart journal, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07563452 (Investigating the Role of Mechanical Muscle Loading in the Context of Preventive Exercise for Statin Users - a Pilot Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 518 papers, 13 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
518citing papers in PubMed, 13 pooled it
143.1field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07563452 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Investigating the Role of Mechanical Muscle Loading in the Context of Preventive Exercise for Statin Users - a Pilot Study

TypeinterventionalSponsorRaffaele MazzolariRan2026 to 2027Enrolled40ConditionsStatin Adverse ReactionArmsDose-Escalation Exercise Protocol
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

518 citing papers in PubMed, 13 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,387 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Effects of flavonoids on atherosclerosis in ApoEFrontiers in pharmacology · 2026
    Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Pooled it
  8. Pooled it
  9. Chinese patent medicine for atherosclerosis: a systematic review and Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan · 2024
    Pooled it
  10. Pooled it
  11. Pooled it
  12. Pooled it
  13. Pooled it
  14. Effect ofNutrients · 2026
    Trial
  15. Trial
  16. Trial
  17. Trial
  18. Trial
  19. Trial
  20. Trial

458 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

27 authors at 20 institutions in 14 countries.

Erik S StroesDepartment of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands e.s.stroes@amc.uva.nl.
Paul D ThompsonHartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA.
Alberto CorsiniUniversity of Milan and Multimedica IRCSS Milano, Italy.
Georgirene D VladutiuSchool of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
Frederick J RaalUniversity of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Kausik K RaySt. Georges's University of London, UK.
Michael RodenDepartment of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital Düsseldorf Heinrich-Heine University, and Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Germany.
Evan SteinMetabolic and Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Lale TokgözoğluHacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
Børge G NordestgaardHerlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Eric BruckertPitié-Salpetriere University Hospital, Paris, France.
Guy De BackerGhent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Ronald M KraussChildren's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, USA.
Ulrich LaufsUniversitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
Raul D SantosUniversity of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Robert A HegeleWestern University, London, ON, Canada.
G Kees HovinghAcademic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Lawrence A LeiterLi Ka Shing Knowledge Institute and Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada.
Francois MachCardiology Service, HUG, Geneva, Switzerland.
Winfried MärzSynlab Center of Laboratory Diagnostics Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Connie B NewmanNew York University School of Medicine, New York, USA.
Olov WiklundSahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Terry A JacobsonEmory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Alberico L CatapanoUniversity of Milan and Multimedica IRCSS Milano, Italy.
M John ChapmanINSERM, Pitié-Salpetriere University Hospital, Paris, France.
Henry N Ginsberg
European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel
Inserm · FRUniversity of Milan · ITAmsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam · NLEmory University · USHartford Hospital · USSahlgrenska University Hospital · SESt George's, University of London · GBUniversitätsklinikum des Saarlandes · DEUniversity of Copenhagen · DKWestern University · CADüsseldorf University Hospital · DEGhent University Hospital · BELouisville Metabolic and Atherosclerosis Research Center · USSorbonne Université · FRSt. Michael's Hospital · CASynlab (Germany) · DEUniversity of the Witwatersrand · ZAColumbia University · USHacettepe University · TRNew York University · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS) are one of the principal reasons for statin non-adherence and/or discontinuation, contributing to adverse cardiovascular outcomes. This European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) Consensus Panel overviews current understanding of the pathophysiology of statin-associated myopathy, and provides guidance for diagnosis and management of SAMS. Statin-associated myopathy, with significant elevation of serum creatine kinase (CK), is a rare but serious side effect of statins, affecting 1 per 1000 to 1 per 10 000 people on standard statin doses. Statin-associated muscle symptoms cover a broader range of clinical presentations, usually with normal or minimally elevated CK levels, with a prevalence of 7-29% in registries and observational studies. Preclinical studies show that statins decrease mitochondrial function, attenuate energy production, and alter muscle protein degradation, thereby providing a potential link between statins and muscle symptoms; controlled mechanistic and genetic studies in humans are necessary to further understanding. The Panel proposes to identify SAMS by symptoms typical of statin myalgia (i.e. muscle pain or aching) and their temporal association with discontinuation and response to repetitive statin re-challenge. In people with SAMS, the Panel recommends the use of a maximally tolerated statin dose combined with non-statin lipid-lowering therapies to attain recommended low-density lipoprotein cholesterol targets. The Panel recommends a structured work-up to identify individuals with clinically relevant SAMS generally to at least three different statins, so that they can be offered therapeutic regimens to satisfactorily address their cardiovascular risk. Further research into the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms may offer future therapeutic potential.

Indexed as

Cholesterol Ester Transfer ProteinsComplementary TherapiesConsensusCreatine KinaseDietGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseHumansHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsHypolipidemic AgentsMitochondrial DiseasesMitochondria, MuscleMuscular DiseasesProprotein Convertase 9Proprotein ConvertasesRisk FactorsSerine EndopeptidasesCETP protein, humanCholesterol Ester Transfer ProteinsCreatine KinaseHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsHypolipidemic AgentsPCSK9 protein, humanProprotein Convertase 9Proprotein ConvertasesSerine EndopeptidasesCholesterolConsensus statementLipidsMitochondrialMuscle symptomsMyalgiaMyopathyStatinStatin intolerance

Identifiers

PMID25694464
PMCPMC4416140
OpenAlexW2134159541

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.