ArticleJournal of women's health (2002)2015
High prevalence of rectal gonorrhea and Chlamydia infection in women attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic.
Article in Journal of women's health (2002), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of Rectal Chlamydial and Gonococcal Infections: A Systematic Review.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2018Pooled it
- Inhibition of a live-attenuated chlamydia oral vaccine in the large intestine is dependent on CD11c-expressing cells that produce IL-23.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Chlamydia and gonorrhoea screening and diagnosis by anatomical site among individuals with opposite-sex partners: a rapid review.Sexually transmitted infections · 2025Article
- Determining the strength of evidence for an association between sexual indicators and risk of acquiring HIV and sexually transmitted infections: Providing evidence for blood donation policy change.Transfusion medicine (Oxford, England) · 2024Review
- Multicenter Comparison of Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests for the Diagnosis of Rectal and Oropharyngeal Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infections.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2022Article
- Pediatric Emergency Provider Sexually Transmitted Infection Screening Practices in Adolescents With Oropharyngeal or Anorectal Chief Complaints.Pediatric emergency care · 2020Article
- Epidemiologic Treatment for Contacts to Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis Infection in Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinic Patients in Seattle, WA; 1994 to 2018.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2020Article
- Childhood Traumatic Experiences and Receptive Anal Intercourse Among Women.Perspectives on sexual and reproductive health · 2020Article
- Distinct Roles of Chromosome- versus Plasmid-Encoded Genital Tract Virulence Factors in Promoting Chlamydia muridarum Colonization in the Gastrointestinal Tract.Infection and immunity · 2019Article
- Extragenital Screening Is Essential for Comprehensive Detection ofJournal of clinical microbiology · 2019Article
- Extragenital chlamydia infection among active-duty women in the United States Navy.Military Medical Research · 2019Article
- Heterosexual Anal and Oral Sex in Adolescents and Adults in the United States, 2011-2015.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2018Article
- Rectal Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infections Among Women Reporting Anal Intercourse.Obstetrics and gynecology · 2018Article
- Chlamydia muridarum with Mutations in Chromosomal GenesInfection and immunity · 2017Article
- Design of the FemCure study: prospective multicentre study on the transmission of genital and extra-genital Chlamydia trachomatis infections in women receiving routine care.BMC infectious diseases · 2016Article
- Extragenital Infections Caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae: A Review of the Literature.Infectious diseases in obstetrics and gynecology · 2016Review
- What is needed to guide testing for anorectal and pharyngeal Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in women and men? Evidence and opinion.BMC infectious diseases · 2015Article
- In Vivo and Ex Vivo Imaging Reveals a Long-Lasting Chlamydial Infection in the Mouse Gastrointestinal Tract following Genital Tract Inoculation.Infection and immunity · 2015Article
- Prevalence of and Factors Associated with Rectal-Only Chlamydia and Gonorrhoea in Women and in Men Who Have Sex with Men.PloS one · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTesting women for urogenital Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is common in sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics. However, women may not be routinely tested for rectal GC/CT. This may lead to missed infections in women reporting anal intercourse (AI).
methodsThis was a retrospective review of all women who underwent rectal GC/CT testing from August 2012 to June 2013 at an STD clinic in Columbus, Ohio. All women who reported AI in the last year had a rectal swab collected for GC/CT nucleic acid amplification testing (n=331). Using log-binomial regression models, we computed unadjusted and adjusted associations for demographic and behavioral factors associated with rectal GC/CT infection.
resultsParticipants (n=331) were 47% African-American, with median age of 29 years. Prevalence of rectal GC was 6%, rectal CT was 13%, and either rectal infection was 19%. Prevalence of urogenital GC and CT was 7% and 13% respectively. Among women with rectal GC, 14% tested negative for urogenital GC. Similarly, 14% of women with rectal CT tested negative for urogenital CT. In unadjusted analyses, there was increased rectal GC prevalence among women reporting sex in the last year with an injection drug user, with a person exchanging sex for drugs or money, with anonymous partners, and while intoxicated/high on alcohol or illicit drugs. After multivariable adjustment, no significant associations persisted, but a trend of increased rectal GC prevalence was observed for women <26 years of age (p=0.06) and those reporting sex while intoxicated/high on alcohol or drugs (p=0.05). For rectal CT, only age <26 years was associated with prevalent infection in unadjusted models; this association strengthened after multivariable adjustment (prevalence ratio: 6.03; 95% confidence interval: 2.29-15.90).
conclusionNearly one in five women who reported AI in the last year had rectal GC or CT infection. Urogenital testing alone would have missed 14% of rectal infections. Standardized guidelines would increase rectal GC/CT testing in women and help detect missed infections.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.