ArticlePloS one2015
Probiotics (Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 and acidophilus R0052) reduce the expression of toll-like receptor 4 in mice with alcoholic liver disease.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of Probiotic Treatment in Alcoholic Liver Disease: A Systematic Review of Animal Studies.Nutrients · 2026Pooled it
- Clinical efficacy of probiotics in the treatment of alcoholic liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Pooled it
- Microbial treatment of alcoholic liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Probiotic stool secretory immunoglobulin A modulation in children with gastroenteritis: a randomized clinical trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2021Trial
- Article
- Combining sorafenib andIranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2026Article
- Gut-liver-hypothalamus axis dysfunction in mycotoxin toxicity: mechanisms and protective roles of natural compounds.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Review
- Article
- Immunomodulatory Activities of Emerging Rare Ginsenosides F1, Rg5, Rk1, Rh1, and Rg2: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Applications.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Effects of Probiotics on Liver Diseases: Current In Vitro and In Vivo Studies.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2025Review
- Therapeutic Role of Probiotics Against Environmental-Induced Hepatotoxicity: Mechanisms, Clinical Perspectives, Limitations, and Future.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2025Review
- Gut Microbiota as Emerging Players in the Development of Alcohol-Related Liver Disease.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Therapeutic Potential ofJournal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Lactobacillus helveticus attenuates alcoholic liver injury via regulation of gut microecology in mice.Microbial biotechnology · 2024Article
- Immunological mechanisms in steatotic liver diseases: An overview and clinical perspectives.Clinical and molecular hepatology · 2024Review
- Article
- Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and alcohol-associated liver disease.American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology · 2023Review
- Effects of three different probiotics of Tibetan sheep origin and their complex probiotics on intestinal damage, immunity, and immune signaling pathways of mice infected withFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Beneficial Shifts in Gut Microbiota byMicroorganisms · 2022Article
- TheMicroorganisms · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe role of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR 4) in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) has been widely established. We evaluated the biological effects of probiotics (Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 and acidophilus R0052), KRG (Korea red ginseng), and urushiol (Rhus verniciflua Stokes) on ALD, including their effects on normal and high-fat diet in mice.
methodsOne hundred C57BL/6 mice were classified into normal (N) and high-fat diet (H) groups. Each group was divided into 5 sub-groups: control, alcohol, alcohol+probiotics, alcohol+KRG, and alcohol+urushiol. A liver function test, histology, electron-microscopy, interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-6, and IL-10, and TLR 4 were evaluated and compared.
resultsIn the N group, probiotics, KRG, and urushiol significantly reduced levels of TNF-α (12.3±5.1, 13.4±3.9, and 12.1±4.3 vs. 27.9±15.2 pg/mL) and IL-1β (108.4±39.4, 75.0±51.0, and 101.1±26.8 vs. 162.4±37.5 pg/mL), which were increased by alcohol. Alcohol-induced TLR 4 expression was reduced by probiotics and urushiol (0.7±0.2, and 0.8±0.1 vs. 1.0±0.3, p<0.001). In the H group, IL-10 was significantly increased by probiotics and KRG, compared with alcohol (25.3±15.6 and 20.4±6.2 vs. 7.6±5.6 pg/mL) and TLR 4 expression was reduced by probiotics (0.8±0.2 vs. 1.0±0.3, p = 0.007).
conclusionsAlcohol-induced TLR 4 expression was down-regulated by probiotics in the normal and high-fat diet groups. Probiotics, KRG, and urushiol might be effective in the treatment of ALD by regulating the gut-liver axis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.