ArticlePloS one2015
Sequence variations and protein expression levels of the two immune evasion proteins Gpm1 and Pra1 influence virulence of clinical Candida albicans isolates.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Emerging antifungal strategies against Candida albicans using metal-organic frameworks and novel therapeutics: Opportunities and challenges.Journal of food and drug analysis · 2026Review
- Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the Aspartic Protease Gene Family and Their Responses to Abiotic Stress inMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Distinct properties of human pathogenicmSystems · 2026Article
- Antifungal Innate Immunity.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Identification of the Most Immunoreactive Antigens ofJournal of proteome research · 2024Article
- Sequence Variation of Candida albicans Sap2 Enhances Fungal Pathogenicity via Complement Evasion and Macrophage M2-Like Phenotype Induction.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Article
- Fungal resilience and host-pathogen interactions: Future perspectives and opportunities.Parasite immunology · 2023Review
- Fungal extracellular vesicle-mediated regulation: from virulence factor to clinical application.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- Candida Pathogenicity and Interplay with the Immune System.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2021Article
- Hijacking Factor H for Complement Immune Evasion.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Review
- Photodynamic inactivation in the expression of the Candida albicans genes ALS3, HWP1, BCR1, TEC1, CPH1, and EFG1 in biofilms.Lasers in medical science · 2018Article
- Article
- Modulation of the Fungal-Host Interaction by the Intra-Species Diversity of C. albicans.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Review
- Article
- The Expanding Landscape of Moonlighting Proteins in Yeasts.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2016Review
- Anti-Immune Strategies of Pathogenic Fungi.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2016Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Candida albicans, the important human fungal pathogen uses multiple evasion strategies to control, modulate and inhibit host complement and innate immune attack. Clinical C. albicans strains vary in pathogenicity and in serum resistance, in this work we analyzed sequence polymorphisms and variations in the expression levels of two central fungal complement evasion proteins, Gpm1 (phosphoglycerate mutase 1) and Pra1 (pH-regulated antigen 1) in thirteen clinical C. albicans isolates. Four nucleotide (nt) exchanges, all representing synonymous exchanges, were identified within the 747-nt long GPM1 gene. For the 900-nt long PRA1 gene, sixteen nucleotide exchanges were identified, which represented synonymous, as well as non-synonymous exchanges. All thirteen clinical isolates had a homozygous exchange (A to G) at position 73 of the PRA1 gene. Surface levels of Gpm1 varied by 8.2, and Pra1 levels by 3.3 fold in thirteen tested isolates and these differences influenced fungal immune fitness. The high Gpm1/Pra1 expressing candida strains bound the three human immune regulators more efficiently, than the low expression strains. The difference was 44% for Factor H binding, 51% for C4BP binding and 23% for plasminogen binding. This higher Gpm1/Pra1 expressing strains result in enhanced survival upon challenge with complement active, Factor H depleted human serum (difference 40%). In addition adhesion to and infection of human endothelial cells was increased (difference 60%), and C3b surface deposition was less effective (difference 27%). Thus, variable expression levels of central immune evasion protein influences immune fitness of the human fungal pathogen C. albicans and thus contribute to fungal virulence.
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