ArticleEnvironmental health perspectives2015
Examination of the safety of pediatric vaccine schedules in a non-human primate model: assessments of neurodevelopment, learning, and social behavior.
Article in Environmental health perspectives, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nonhuman primate models of pediatric viral diseases.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Evidence on Neurotoxicity after Intrauterine and Childhood Exposure to Organomercurials.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Review
- The activities of drug inactive ingredients on biological targets.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2020Article
- Bridging the species gap in translational research for neurodevelopmental disorders.Neurobiology of learning and memory · 2019Article
- Microbial structure and function in infant and juvenile rhesus macaques are primarily affected by age, not vaccination status.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Advances in nonhuman primate models of autism: Integrating neuroscience and behavior.Experimental neurology · 2018Review
- Regulation of Sirt1/Nrf2/TNF-α signaling pathway by luteolin is critical to attenuate acute mercuric chloride exposure induced hepatotoxicity.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- A Markerless 3D Computerized Motion Capture System Incorporating a Skeleton Model for Monkeys.PloS one · 2016Article
- Animal Models to Study Placental Development and Function throughout Normal and Dysfunctional Human Pregnancy.Seminars in reproductive medicine · 2016Review
- Administration of thimerosal-containing vaccines to infant rhesus macaques does not result in autism-like behavior or neuropathology.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2015Article
- Pediatric vaccines and neurodevelopment: primate study finds no adverse behavioral effects.Environmental health perspectives · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
- Correction · 2016-01-01Error in Image ·
- Commented on by
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn the 1990s, the mercury-based preservative thimerosal was used in most pediatric vaccines. Although there are currently only two thimerosal-containing vaccines (TCVs) recommended for pediatric use, parental perceptions that vaccines pose safety concerns are affecting vaccination rates, particularly in light of the much expanded and more complex schedule in place today.
objectivesThe objective of this study was to examine the safety of pediatric vaccine schedules in a non-human primate model.
methodsWe administered vaccines to six groups of infant male rhesus macaques (n = 12-16/group) using a standardized thimerosal dose where appropriate. Study groups included the recommended 1990s Pediatric vaccine schedule, an accelerated 1990s Primate schedule with or without the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, the MMR vaccine only, and the expanded 2008 schedule. We administered saline injections to age-matched control animals (n = 16). Infant development was assessed from birth to 12 months of age by examining the acquisition of neonatal reflexes, the development of object concept permanence (OCP), computerized tests of discrimination learning, and infant social behavior. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance, multilevel modeling, and survival analyses, where appropriate.
resultsWe observed no group differences in the acquisition of OCP. During discrimination learning, animals receiving TCVs had improved performance on reversal testing, although some of these same animals showed poorer performance in subsequent learning-set testing. Analysis of social and nonsocial behaviors identified few instances of negative behaviors across the entire infancy period. Although some group differences in specific behaviors were reported at 2 months of age, by 12 months all infants, irrespective of vaccination status, had developed the typical repertoire of macaque behaviors.
conclusionsThis comprehensive 5-year case-control study, which closely examined the effects of pediatric vaccines on early primate development, provided no consistent evidence of neurodevelopmental deficits or aberrant behavior in vaccinated animals.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.