ReviewPediatric surgery international2015
Regulation of testicular descent.
Review in Pediatric surgery international, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 129 citations in OpenAlex.
- Crossed paths: a systematic review unveiling patterns in crossed testicular ectopia.World journal of urology · 2025Pooled it
- Incidence and associated factors of metachronous contralateral cryptorchidism after unilateral cryptorchidism: a retrospective cohort study.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Optimizing Care for Undescended Testicles in Children and Adolescents-Diagnosis, Management, and Outcomes: A Narrative Review of Current Evidence.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Novel INSL3 variants cause male infertility with cryptorchidism.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2026Article
- Evolutionary relaxation and functional change of INSL3 and RXFP2 may underlie natural cryptorchidism in mammals.EMBO reports · 2025Article
- Article
- GATA6 and TBX3 gene expressions analysis of indirect inguinal hernia sacs in children.Pediatric surgery international · 2025Article
- DRP2 Mutation in Familial Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case Report of 2 Consanguineous Patients.Clinical medicine insights. Case reports · 2025Article
- The downregulation of genes encoding muscle proteins have a potential role in the development of scrotal hernia in pigs.Molecular biology reports · 2024Article
- Article
- [Hydrocele].Urologie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2024Review
- Cryptorchidism and puberty.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- Therian origin of INSL3/RXFP2-driven testicular descent in mammals.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Article
- Testicular descent revisited: a micro-computed tomography study in fetal rats.Pediatric surgery international · 2023Article
- The fate of germ cells in cryptorchid testis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Loss of WNT4 in the gubernaculum causes unilateral cryptorchidism and fertility defects.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2022Article
- Embryonic developmental process and clinical anatomy of the preperitoneal fascia and its clinical significance.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2022Article
- Association of PFKM gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to cryptorchidism in a Chinese Han population.Pediatric surgery international · 2022Article
- Testicular, Epididymal and Vasal Anomalies in Pediatric Patients with Cryptorchid Testes and Testes with Communicating Hydrocele.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Abnormal placental cord insertion, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and birth length may be involved in development of hypospadias in male fetuses.Birth defects research · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Testicular descent occurs in two morphologically distinct phases, each under different hormonal control from the testis itself. The first phase occurs between 8 and 15 weeks when insulin-like hormone 3 (Insl3) from the Leydig cells stimulates the gubernaculum to swell, thereby anchoring the testis near the future inguinal canal as the foetus grows. Testosterone causes regression of the cranial suspensory ligament to augment the transabdominal phase. The second, or inguinoscrotal phase, occurs between 25 and 35 weeks, when the gubernaculum bulges out of the external ring and migrates to the scrotum, all under control of testosterone. However, androgen acts mostly indirectly via the genitofemoral nerve (GFN), which produces calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) to control the direction of migration. In animal models the androgen receptors are in the inguinoscrotal fat pad, which probably produces a neurotrophin to masculinise the GFN sensory fibres that regulate gubernacular migration. There is little direct evidence that this same process occurs in humans, but CGRP can regulate closure of the processus vaginalis in inguinal hernia, confirming that the GFN probably mediates human testicular descent by a similar mechanism as seen in rodent models. Despite increased understanding about normal testicular descent, the common causes of cryptorchidism remain elusive.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.