ArticleBritish journal of sports medicine2015
The association of environmental heat stress with performance: analysis of the 2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil.
Article in British journal of sports medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07482046 (Effectiveness of Topical Menthol as A Cooling Method During Exercise in A Recreational Runner Population), which is not on this map. Cited by 66 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effectiveness of Topical Menthol as A Cooling Method During Exercise in A Recreational Runner Population
Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The effect of synthetic grass sports surfaces on the thermal environment: A systematic review.International journal of biometeorology · 2024Pooled it
- The effect of physical fatigue on the performance of soccer players: A systematic review.PloS one · 2022Pooled it
- Match Running Performance in Young Soccer Players: A Systematic Review.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2019Pooled it
- What Performance Analysts Need to Know About Research Trends in Association Football (2012-2016): A Systematic Review.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2018Pooled it
- Combined glycerol and sodium bicarbonate elicits improvements in fluid retention and blood buffering capacity.PloS one · 2026Trial
- The 2026 Men's FIFA Football World Cup: Evidence-Based Guidelines to Protect Player Health and Performance from Environmental Challenges.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- Nutritional Strategies to Support Performance Maintenance and Recovery in Football Under Hot Environmental Conditions: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Can heat stress affect the psychophysiological responses and locomotor demands of young soccer players during small-sided soccer games?PloS one · 2026Article
- Physical performance in elite male soccer under extreme heat: A case study of the 2025 FIFA Club World Cup.Temperature (Austin, Tex.) · 2026Article
- Fluid balance and electrolyte losses in collegiate male soccer players in practice and game under different environments.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Physical and Physiological Demands of Official Beach Soccer Match-Play in Relation to Environmental Temperature.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Extreme heat risk and the potential implications for the scheduling of football matches at the 2026 FIFA World Cup.International journal of biometeorology · 2025Article
- Associations Between Match-Play Characteristics and Environmental Temperatures in 4 Professional Football Leagues.European journal of sport science · 2025Article
- Observational
- Factors related to the success in women's football-a systematic review.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Review
- Exploring factors influencing number of fouls in soccer.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Temperature-Related Variations in Physical Performance During Elite Soccer Matches.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Prospective heat stress risk assessment for professional soccer players in the context of the 2026 FIFA World Cup.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The influence of meteorological factors on the technical performance of football teams during matches.Biology of sport · 2024Article
- Can heat conditions affect the heart rate responses, perception of effort, and technical performance of young male football players during small-sided games? a comparative study.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2024Article
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe 2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil included 64 matches in temperate to tropical environmental conditions. We analysed performance data in relation to the environmental conditions to identify potential association.
methodsWet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) parameters were obtained at the centre of the field 1 h before the start of play. Environmental stress was estimated (low, moderate and high) for each match using WBGT and relative humidity. Various physical and technical performance indices were recorded during each match (average of both teams).
resultsOver the 64 matches, 28 were played under low, 20 under moderate and 16 under high environmental stress. There was no difference in actual playing time (p=0.517), total distance covered (p=0.491), number of goals scored (p=0.485) and number of cards (p=0.618) between the matches played under different environmental stress categories. The number of sprints was lower in high than in moderate or low environmental stress (-10%, p<0.05) but peak speed was unaffected. The distance covered at high intensity was also lower under high (24.8±2.8 m/min/player) than low environmental stress (26.9±2.3 m/min/player, p=0.02). Number of passes was not different but the rate of successful passes was higher under high (76.8±4.4%) than low (73.6±10.8%) environmental stress (p=0.031).
conclusionsTop-level players seem to modulate their activity pattern during matches in a hot and humid environment (ie, less high-intensity but more low-intensity running and successful passes) to preserve the global match characteristics (ie, similar actual playing time, total distance covered, peak running speed and goals scored).
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