Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25688484›Full record

ReviewPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2015

Hitting the Bull's-Eye in Metastatic Cancers-NSAIDs Elevate ROS in Mitochondria, Inducing Malignant Cell Death.

Stephen John Ralph, Rhys Pritchard, Sara Rodríguez-Enríquez, Rafael Moreno-Sánchez, Raymond Keith Ralph

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed
1.6field-weighted citation impact, top 18% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Stephen John RalphSchool of Medical Science, Griffith University, Griffith Health Institute, Parklands Drive, Southport, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia. s.ralph@griffith.edu.au.
Rhys PritchardSchool of Medical Science, Griffith University, Griffith Health Institute, Parklands Drive, Southport, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia.
Sara Rodríguez-EnríquezInstituto Nacional de Cardiología, Departamento de Bioquímica, Tlalpan, México D.F., Mexico.
Rafael Moreno-SánchezInstituto Nacional de Cardiología, Departamento de Bioquímica, Tlalpan, México D.F., Mexico.
Raymond Keith RalphSchool of Medical Science, Griffith University, Griffith Health Institute, Parklands Drive, Southport, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia.
Griffith University · AUInstituto Nacional de Cardiología · MX

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Tumor metastases that impede the function of vital organs are a major cause of cancer related mortality. Mitochondrial oxidative stress induced by hypoxia, low nutrient levels, or other stresses, such as genotoxic events, act as key drivers of the malignant changes in primary tumors to enhance their progression to metastasis. Emerging evidence now indicates that mitochondrial modifications and mutations resulting from oxidative stress, and leading to OxPhos stimulation and/or enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, are essential for promoting and sustaining the highly metastatic phenotype. Moreover, the modified mitochondria in emerging or existing metastatic cancer cells, by their irreversible differences, provide opportunities for selectively targeting their mitochondrial functions with a one-two punch. The first blow would block their anti-oxidative defense, followed by the knockout blow-promoting production of excess ROS, capitulating the terminal stage-activation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), specifically killing metastatic cancer cells or their precursors. This review links a wide area of research relevant to cellular mechanisms that affect mitochondria activity as a major source of ROS production driving the pro-oxidative state in metastatic cancer cells. Each of the important aspects affecting mitochondrial function are discussed including: hypoxia, HIFs and PGC1 induced metabolic changes, increased ROS production to induce a more pro-oxidative state with reduced antioxidant defenses. It then focuses on how the mitochondria, as a major source of ROS in metastatic cancer cells driving the pro-oxidative state of malignancy enables targeting drugs affecting many of these altered processes and why the NSAIDs are an excellent example of mitochondria-targeted agents that provide a one-two knockout activating the mPTP and their efficacy as selective anticancer metastasis drugs.

Identifiers

PMID25688484
PMCPMC4381202
OpenAlexW1972297190

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.