ReviewFrontiers in oncology2015
Mechanisms of Translocation of ER Chaperones to the Cell Surface and Immunomodulatory Roles in Cancer and Autoimmunity.
Review in Frontiers in oncology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 143 citations in OpenAlex.
- CALR-dependent endoplasmic reticulum N-glycoprotein maturation promotes Japanese encephalitis virus entry and replication.Cell & bioscience · 2026Article
- Dynamic translocation of Inside-Out proteins to the cell surface underlies cellular adaptation to cancer-induced stress.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Redoxome: Protein Folding and Beyond.Biochemistry · 2026Review
- Surface Proteomic Analysis Reveals the Presence of Noncanonical Cell Membrane Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperones in High-Grade Gliomas.Journal of proteome research · 2026Article
- Spatial transcriptomic profiling identifies lacrimal-gland-epithelial cell-driven mechanisms underlying autoimmunity in Sjögren's disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Spatial transcriptomic profiling identifies lacrimal gland epithelial cell-driven mechanisms underlying autoimmunity in Sjögren's disease.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- The examination of in vitro photosensitizing efficacy of aloe-emodin loaded liposome following photodynamic therapy on melanoma cell lines.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Signalling pathways and cellular functions of KDEL receptors: implications in cancer biology.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2025Review
- A fermented Mistletoe (Viscum album L.) extract elicits markers characteristic for immunogenic cell death driven by endoplasmic reticulum stress in vitro.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2025Article
- The Role of Macrophages in Atherosclerosis: Participants and Therapists.Cardiovascular drugs and therapy · 2025Review
- Endoplasmic reticulum's role in multiple sclerosis, exploring potential biomarkers, and pioneering therapeutic strategies: a comprehensive review of literature.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Review
- Development of Clarstatin, a Novel Drug Lead for the Therapy of Autoimmune Uveitis.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- A novel neoadjuvant therapy for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer in a mouse model.Journal of thoracic disease · 2024Article
- Review
- Phytaspase Is Capable of Detaching the Endoplasmic Reticulum Retrieval Signal from Tobacco Calreticulin-3.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- COVID-19, Obesity, and GRP78: Unraveling the Pathological Link.Journal of obesity & metabolic syndrome · 2023Review
- Article
- ER chaperone GRP78/BiP translocates to the nucleus under stress and acts as a transcriptional regulator.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Suppression of osteosarcoma progression by engineered lymphocyte-derived proteomes.Genes & diseases · 2023Article
- A localized hydrogel-mediated chemotherapy causes immunogenic cell death via activation of ceramide-mediated unfolded protein response.Science advances · 2023Article
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperones (e.g., calreticulin, heat shock proteins, and isomerases) perform a multitude of functions within the ER. However, many of these chaperones can translocate to the cytosol and eventually the surface of cells, particularly during ER stress induced by e.g., drugs, UV irradiation, and microbial stimuli. Once on the cell surface or in the extracellular space, the ER chaperones can take on immunogenic characteristics, as mostly described in the context of cancer, appearing as damage-associated molecular patterns recognized by the immune system. How ER chaperones relocate to the cell surface and interact with other intracellular proteins appears to influence whether a tumor cell is targeted for cell death. The relocation of ER proteins to the cell surface can be exploited to target cancer cells for elimination by immune mechanism. Here we evaluate the evidence for the different mechanisms of ER protein translocation and binding to the cell surface and how ER protein translocation can act as a signal for cancer cells to undergo killing by immunogenic cell death and other cell death pathways. The release of chaperones can also exacerbate underlying autoimmune conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis, and the immunomodulatory role of extracellular chaperones as potential cancer immunotherapies requires cautious monitoring, particularly in cancer patients with underlying autoimmune disease.
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