Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25688329›Full record

ArticleSleep medicine research

Sleep and Women's Health.

Sara Nowakowski, Jessica Meers, Erin Heimbach

Open access · diamondAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sleep medicine research. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
76citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
1.6field-weighted citation impact, top 14% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

76 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 148 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Trial
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Insomnia disorder at 6 weeks postpartum: a prospective study.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2026
    Article
  9. Observational
  10. Review
  11. Article
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  13. Women With Ovulatory Cycles Have Longer Sleep, but Phases of Their Menstrual Cycles Do Not Differ in Sleep Characteristics.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2026
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
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  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Sara NowakowskiUniversity of Texas Medical Branch, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Galveston, TX, USA.
Jessica MeersUniversity of Texas Medical Branch, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Galveston, TX, USA.
Erin HeimbachUniversity of Texas Medical Branch, School of Medicine, Galveston, TX, USA.
The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston · US

Funding

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia and Nocturnal Hot Flashes in MenopauseK23NR014008 · NINR · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MED BR GALVESTON · PI NOWAKOWSKI, SARA · 2012 to 2015
$386k
NINR NIH HHS K23 NR014008
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Sex differences in sleep begin at a very early age and women report poorer sleep quality and have higher risk for insomnia than do men. Sleep may be affected by variation in reproductive hormones, stress, depression, aging, life/role transitions, and other factors. The menstrual cycle is associated with changes in circadian rhythms and sleep architecture. Menstruating women (even without significant menstrual-related complaints) often report poorer sleep quality and greater sleep disturbance during the premenstrual week compared to other times of her menstrual cycle. In addition to these sleep disturbances, women with severe premenstrual syndrome often report more disturbing dreams, sleepiness, fatigue, decreased alertness and concentration during the premenstrual phase. Sleep disturbances are also commonly reported during pregnancy and increase in frequency and duration as the pregnancy progresses. The precipitous decline in hormones and unpredictable sleep patterns of the newborn contribute to and/or exacerbate poor sleep and daytime sleepiness during the early postpartum period. Insomnia is also among the most common health complaints that are reported by perimenopausal women. Women are particularly vulnerable to developing insomnia disorder during these times of reproductive hormonal change. In this review, we present a discussion on the most relevant and recent publications on sleep across the woman's lifespan, including changes in sleep related to menstruation, pregnancy, postpartum, and the menopausal transition. Treatment for sleep disturbances and insomnia disorder and special considerations for treating women will also be discussed.

Indexed as

InsomniaMenopausePostpartumPregnancySleepWomen

Identifiers

PMID25688329
PMCPMC4327930
OpenAlexW2255530244

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.