ReviewPhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences2015
Climate change and Ixodes tick-borne diseases of humans.
Review in Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 168 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
168 citing papers in PubMed, 315 citations in OpenAlex.
- Host diversity and landscape structure drive genospecies-specific Lyme disease risk across Eurasia.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- A Global, High-Resolution Index of Risk and Exposure of Humans to Ticks, Lyme Borreliosis, and Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The ecology of Lyme disease: Long-term data, surprises, and a synthesis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Tick-borne pathogens in golden jackals (Canis aureus) from Armenia.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Circulating miRNAs as Biomarkers of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Severity: Association with Cytokine Profile in Febrile, Meningeal, and Encephalitic Forms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Metagenomic surveillance of tick-borne pathogens and microbiomes in Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Type I and III interferon responses restrict infection by tick-borne orthoflaviviruses through IFI6.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Surveillance of tick-borne pathogens in ticks collected from Swiss residents.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Testing the capacity of humanized immune system mice to induce a protective antibody response against the Lyme disease pathogen.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Co-release of tick-borne encephalitis virus RNA and structural proteins via virus-like particles and extracellular vesicles.The Journal of general virology · 2026Article
- Antiviral effect of chelerythrine chloride against tick-borne encephalitis virus.Virology journal · 2026Article
- Scientist's Opinion on Climate Change and Hard Ticks (Ixodidae).Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Seasonality, Moisture, and Host Community Structure of Haemaphysalis Ticks in a Subtropical Urban Mosaic in Hong Kong, China.Ecology and evolution · 2026Article
- Characterization of virus neuroinvasion, blood-brain barrier integrity and neuroinflammation following Powassan virus infection in mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Mammal community composition and season determine the abundance of questing ticks in mountainous forests of central Japan.International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife · 2025Article
- Essential contributions of wildlife health surveillance to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.One health outlook · 2025Review
- Babesiosis and Malaria in the United States: Epidemiology, Research Funding, Medical Progress, & Recommendations for Improvement.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Reservoir host community and vector density predict human tick-borne diseases across the Eastern United States.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Application of remote sensing and geospatial technologies in predicting vector-borne disease outbreaks.Royal Society open science · 2025Review
- A Scoping Review of Mosquito Vector Range Shifts: Widespread Expansions and Evidence Gaps in Climate Attribution.Global change biology · 2025Article
108 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The evidence that climate warming is changing the distribution of Ixodes ticks and the pathogens they transmit is reviewed and evaluated. The primary approaches are either phenomenological, which typically assume that climate alone limits current and future distributions, or mechanistic, asking which tick-demographic parameters are affected by specific abiotic conditions. Both approaches have promise but are severely limited when applied separately. For instance, phenomenological approaches (e.g. climate envelope models) often select abiotic variables arbitrarily and produce results that can be hard to interpret biologically. On the other hand, although laboratory studies demonstrate strict temperature and humidity thresholds for tick survival, these limits rarely apply to field situations. Similarly, no studies address the influence of abiotic conditions on more than a few life stages, transitions or demographic processes, preventing comprehensive assessments. Nevertheless, despite their divergent approaches, both mechanistic and phenomenological models suggest dramatic range expansions of Ixodes ticks and tick-borne disease as the climate warms. The predicted distributions, however, vary strongly with the models' assumptions, which are rarely tested against reasonable alternatives. These inconsistencies, limited data about key tick-demographic and climatic processes and only limited incorporation of non-climatic processes have weakened the application of this rich area of research to public health policy or actions. We urge further investigation of the influence of climate on vertebrate hosts and tick-borne pathogen dynamics. In addition, testing model assumptions and mechanisms in a range of natural contexts and comparing their relative importance as competing models in a rigorous statistical framework will significantly advance our understanding of how climate change will alter the distribution, dynamics and risk of tick-borne disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.