ReviewPhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences2015
Climate change impacts on West Nile virus transmission in a global context.
Review in Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 141 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
141 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Human West Nile virus infection: a meta-analysis of recent global data (2019-24).Journal of global health · 2025Pooled it
- Correlation Between West Nile Virus and Pregnancy: A Systematic Review.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Pooled it
- Identification of genetic variants associated with dengue or West Nile virus disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2018Pooled it
- Beyond the triad: why ecological theory must anchor One Health.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Widespread circulation of West Nile and Usutu viruses in sedentary and migratory avifauna: A two-year study (2024-2025) of active surveillance in South of France.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Genetic diversity of West Nile virus lineage 2a circulating in Culex pipiens vector populations from Bucharest city during the 2024 and 2025 transmission seasons.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Patterns of emergence and circulation of West Nile Virus in Algeria.Nature communications · 2026Article
- A global database of West Nile virus host prevalence and competence.Scientific data · 2026Article
- Temperature-Based Predictions for West Nile Virus Outbreaks in Endemic Regions of Continental Croatia.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Predicting West Nile virus circulation: a 20-year spatiotemporal study in humans and animals in Spain, 2003 to 2022.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal and Demographic Patterns of West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease in Vojvodina, Serbia, 2012-2025.Viruses · 2026Article
- Virome diversity and molecular characterization of two emerging RNA viruses in mosquito populations from Yantai, China.mSphere · 2026Article
- Land and climate suitability for West Nile virus in Atlantic archipelagos guided by historical data from Europe.Communications biology · 2026Article
- West Nile virus neuroinvasive disease and cardiac involvement in critically ill patients in central Italy: a case series.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- West Nile Virus-Associated Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis, Switzerland.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Spatial Patterns of Global Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus and Its Potential Risk Assessment for Various Wildlife Habitats.Ecology and evolution · 2025Article
- Spanish West Nile virus isolates of lineages 1 and 2 elicit different patterns of infection in red-legged partridges.The Journal of general virology · 2025Article
- Surveillance of West Nile Virus in Tunisia: Evidence from Human and Entomological Investigation.Viruses · 2025Article
- Review
- Retrospective Analysis and Cross-Validated Forecasting of West Nile Virus Transmission in Italy: Insights from Climate and Surveillance Data.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
81 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV), the most widely distributed virus of the encephalitic flaviviruses, is a vector-borne pathogen of global importance. The transmission cycle exists in rural and urban areas where the virus infects birds, humans, horses and other mammals. Multiple factors impact the transmission and distribution of WNV, related to the dynamics and interactions between pathogen, vector, vertebrate hosts and environment. Hence, among other drivers, weather conditions have direct and indirect influences on vector competence (the ability to acquire, maintain and transmit the virus), on the vector population dynamic and on the virus replication rate within the mosquito, which are mostly weather dependent. The importance of climatic factors (temperature, precipitation, relative humidity and winds) as drivers in WNV epidemiology is increasing under conditions of climate change. Indeed, recent changes in climatic conditions, particularly increased ambient temperature and fluctuations in rainfall amounts, contributed to the maintenance (endemization process) of WNV in various locations in southern Europe, western Asia, the eastern Mediterranean, the Canadian Prairies, parts of the USA and Australia. As predictions show that the current trends are expected to continue, for better preparedness, any assessment of future transmission of WNV should take into consideration the impacts of climate change.
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