ArticlePediatrics2015
Azithromycin in early infancy and pyloric stenosis.
Article in Pediatrics, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03871491 (Prevention of Maternal and Neonatal Death/Infections With a Single Oral Dose of Azithromycin in Women in Labor), which is not on this map. Cited by 54 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Prevention of Maternal and Neonatal Death/Infections With a Single Oral Dose of Azithromycin in Women in Labor (in Low- and Middle-income Countries): a Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 146 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety of azithromycin in pediatrics: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2020Pooled it
- Association between exposure to macrolides and the development of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of pediatrics · 2019Pooled it
- The association of prenatal and postnatal macrolide exposure with subsequent development of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2019Pooled it
- Treatment of Neonatal Chlamydial Conjunctivitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2018Pooled it
- Post-natal erythromycin exposure and risk of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Pediatric surgery international · 2016Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Trial
- Azithromycin for infants at risk of poor growth and development: A pooled secondary analysis of two randomized controlled trials.PloS one · 2025Trial
- Neonatal anthropometric indicators of infant growth and mortality in Burkina Faso.Public health nutrition · 2024Trial
- Neonatal Azithromycin Administration and Growth during Infancy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2023Trial
- Effect of Neonatal Azithromycin on All-Cause and Cause-Specific Infant Mortality: A Randomized Controlled Trial.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2022Trial
- Randomized trial of azithromycin to eradicate Ureaplasma respiratory colonization in preterm infants: 2-year outcomes.Pediatric research · 2022Trial
- Randomised trial of azithromycin to eradicateArchives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition · 2020Trial
- Safety of azithromycin in infants under six months of age in Niger: A community randomized trial.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2018Trial
- Azithromycin to Reduce Childhood Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa.The New England journal of medicine · 2018Trial
- Pharmacokinetics of Transfer of Azithromycin into the Breast Milk of African Mothers.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2015Trial
- Ureaplasma positivity and respiratory outcomes in very low birth weight infants: a cohort study with a nested double-blind randomized pilot trial of azithromycin.BMC pediatrics · 2026Observational
- Review
- Azithromycin mass drug administration to reduce childhood mortality in humanitarian crises.PLOS global public health · 2026Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectiveUse of oral erythromycin in infants is associated with infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS). The risk with azithromycin remains unknown. We evaluated the association between exposure to oral azithromycin and erythromycin and subsequent development of IHPS.
methodsA retrospective cohort study of children born between 2001 and 2012 was performed utilizing the military health system database. Infants prescribed either oral erythromycin or azithromycin as outpatients in the first 90 days of life were evaluated for development of IHPS. Specific diagnostic and procedural codes were used to identify cases of IHPS.
resultsA total of 2466 of 1 074 236 children in the study period developed IHPS. Azithromycin exposure in the first 14 days of life demonstrated an increased risk of IHPS (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 8.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.62-26.0); exposure between 15 and 42 days had an aOR of 2.98 (95% CI, 1.24-7.20). An association between erythromycin and IHPS was also confirmed. Exposure to erythromycin in the first 14 days of life had an aOR of 13.3 (95% CI, 6.80-25.9), and 15 to 42 days of life, aOR 4.10 (95% CI, 1.69-9.91). There was no association with either macrolide between 43 and 90 days of life.
conclusionsIngestion of oral azithromycin and erythromycin places young infants at increased risk of developing IHPS. This association is strongest if the exposure occurred in the first 2 weeks of life, but persists although to a lesser degree in children between 2 and 6 weeks of age.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.