Trial reportAIDS (London, England)2015
Tuberculosis incidence after 36 months' isoniazid prophylaxis in HIV-infected adults in Botswana: a posttrial observational analysis.
Trial report in AIDS (London, England), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Isoniazid Preventive Therapy for Prevention of Tuberculosis among People Living with HIV in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review of Implementation and Impacts.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Tuberculosis preventive therapy for people living with HIV: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.PLoS medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Guidelines for the Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection: Recommendations from the National Tuberculosis Controllers Association and CDC, 2020.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2020Pooled it
- Continuous isoniazid for the treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in people living with HIV.AIDS (London, England) · 2016Pooled it
- One Month of Rifapentine plus Isoniazid to Prevent HIV-Related Tuberculosis.The New England journal of medicine · 2019Trial
- Cost-effectiveness of universal isoniazid preventive therapy among HIV-infected pregnant women in South Africa.The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease · 2018Trial
- Breakthrough Tuberculosis in a Large Cohort of People Living With HIV on Preventive Treatment.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2026Article
- Landscape of TB Infection and Prevention among People Living with HIV.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Effectiveness of a 6-Month Isoniazid on Prevention of Incident Tuberculosis Among People Living with HIV in Eritrea: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2022Article
- Article
- Tuberculosis prevention in children: a prospective community-based study in South Africa.The European respiratory journal · 2021Observational
- Pulmonary tuberculosis screening in anti-retroviral treated adults living with HIV in Kenya.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Cost-effectiveness of newer technologies for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in Brazilian people living with HIV.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Determinants of isoniazid preventive therapy completion among people living with HIV attending care and treatment clinics from 2013 to 2017 in Dar es Salaam Region, Tanzania. A cross-sectional analytical study.BMC infectious diseases · 2020Article
- New opportunities in tuberculosis prevention: implications for people living with HIV.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2020Article
- Detection of Tuberculosis Recurrence, Diagnosis and Treatment Response by a Blood Transcriptomic Risk Signature in HIV-Infected Persons on Antiretroviral Therapy.Frontiers in microbiology · 2019Article
- TB preventive therapy for people living with HIV: key considerations for scale-up in resource-limited settings.The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease · 2018Article
- Article
- HIV viral load as an independent risk factor for tuberculosis in South Africa: collaborative analysis of cohort studies.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2017Article
- Benefits of continuous isoniazid preventive therapy may outweigh resistance risks in a declining tuberculosis/HIV coepidemic.AIDS (London, England) · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThirty-six months of isoniazid preventive therapy (36IPT) was superior to 6 months of IPT (6IPT) in preventing tuberculosis (TB) among HIV-infected adults in Botswana. We assessed the posttrial durability of this benefit.
designA 36-month double-blind placebo controlled trial (1 : 1 randomization) with recruitment between November 2004 and July 2006 and observation until June 2011.
methodsOne thousand, nine hundred and ninety-five participants were followed in eight public health clinics. Twenty-four percent had a tuberculin skin test ≥5 mm (TST-positive). A minimum CD4 lymphocyte count was not required for enrolment. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) was provided in accordance with Botswana guidelines; 72% of participants retained by June 2011 had initiated ART. Multivariable analysis using Cox regression analysis included treatment arm, TST status, ART as a time-dependent variable and CD4 cell count at baseline and updated at 36 months.
resultsIn the posttrial period, 2.13 and 2.14 per 100 person-years accumulated, whereas 0.93 and 1.13% TB incidence rates were observed in the 36IPT and 6IPT arms, respectively (P = 0.52). The crude hazard ratio of TB during the trial and posttrial was 0.57 [95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.33, 0.99] and 0.82 (95% CI 0.46, 1.49), and when restricted to TST-positive participants was 0.26 (95% CI 0.08, 0.80) and 0.40 (95% CI 0.15, 1.08), respectively. Multivariable analysis showed that ART use was associated with reduced death (adjusted hazard ratio 0.36, 95% CI 0.17-0.75) but not TB (0.92, 95% CI 0.55-1.53) in the posttrial period.
conclusionThe benefit of 36IPT for TB prevention declined posttrial in this cohort. Adjunctive measures are warranted to prevent TB among HIV-infected persons receiving long-term ART in TB-endemic settings.
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