ArticleIndian journal of anaesthesia2015
Nebulized ketamine decreases incidence and severity of post-operative sore throat.
Article in Indian journal of anaesthesia, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prophylactic esketamine for postoperative sore throat: a meta-analysis of randomized evidence.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Breathing new life into pain management: a systematic review of nebulised ketamine for analgesia.Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine · 2025Pooled it
- A Promising Route for Established Indications: A Systematic Review of Nebulized Ketamine in Pain.Current pain and headache reports · 2025Pooled it
- Nebulized pharmacological agents for preventing postoperative sore throat: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.PloS one · 2020Pooled it
- Role of preoperative zinc, magnesium and budesonide gargles in Postoperative Sore Throat (POST) - a randomised control trial.BMC anesthesiology · 2024Trial
- Effect of intravenous and intra-cuff magnesium sulphate on post-extubation tracheal morbidity: a randomised single-blind study.Journal of anesthesia, analgesia and critical care · 2025Article
- Article
- Comparison between intravenous lidocaine and dexamethasone in reducing postoperative sore throat after endotracheal extubation at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; a prospective cohort study.BMC anesthesiology · 2024Article
- Nebulised/aerosolised drugs in anaesthesiology, critical care and pain practice-benefit with a professional hazard!Indian journal of anaesthesia · 2024Article
- High incidence rate of postoperative sore throat in intubated children at Northwest Amhara Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals, Ethiopia. A multicenter study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Article
- Comeback of ketamine: resurfacing facts and dispelling myths.Korean journal of anesthesiology · 2021Review
- A New Use for an Old Medicine: Dextromethorphan to Prevent Postoperative Sore Throat.International journal of preventive medicine · 2021Article
- Efficacy of topical agents for prevention of postoperative sore throat after single lumen tracheal intubation: a Bayesian network meta-analysis.Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie · 2020Review
- Dexmedetomidine nebulisation attenuates post-operative sore throat in patients undergoing thyroidectomy: A randomised, double-blind, comparative study with nebulised ketamine.Indian journal of anaesthesia · 2020Article
- Preoperative oral zinc tablet decreases incidence of postoperative sore throat.Indian journal of anaesthesia · 2020Article
- Administration of Nebulized Ketamine for Managing Acute Pain in the Emergency Department: A Case Series.Clinical practice and cases in emergency medicine · 2020Article
- Reduction in postoperative sore throat by preoperative nebulization with dexmedetomidine, ketamine or saline: A prospective, randomized-controlled trial.Journal of anaesthesiology, clinical pharmacologyArticle
- Postoperative Sore Throat Prevention in Ambulatory Surgery: A Comparison between Preoperative Aspirin and Magnesium Sulfate Gargle - A Prospective, Randomized, Double-blind Study.Anesthesia, essays and researchesArticle
- Preoperative ketamine nebulization attenuates the incidence and severity of postoperative sore throat: A randomized controlled clinical trial.Saudi journal of anaesthesiaArticle
- Inhalation of Ketamine in Different Doses to Decrease the Severity of Postoperative Sore Throat in Surgeries under General Anesthesia Patients.Anesthesia, essays and researchesArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsPost-operative sore throat (POST) occurs in 21-65% of patients. Ketamine used earlier as gargle for reducing POST has limitations. The aim of this study was to see if nebulised ketamine reduces POST.
methodsWe conducted a prospective, randomised, placebo-control, and double-blind controlled trial. After written informed consent, 100 patients belonging to American Society of Anaesthesiologists physical status I-II in the age group 20-60 years, of either sex undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia (GA) were enrolled. Patients were randomised into two groups; group saline (S) received saline nebulisation 5.0 ml and group ketamine (K) received ketamine 50 mg (1.0 ml) with 4.0 ml of saline nebulisation for 15 min. GA was induced 10 min after completion of nebulisation in the patients. The POST and haemodynamic monitoring were done pre-nebulization, pre-induction, on reaching post-anaesthesia care unit, and at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 h post-operatively. POST was graded on a four-point scale (0-3).
resultsThe overall incidence of POST was 33%; 23 patients (46%) in saline and 10 patients (20%) in ketamine group experienced POST (Fisher's exact P = 0.01). The use of ketamine nebulization attenuated POST at 2 h and 4 h post-operatively (P < 0.05). The primary outcome was incidence of POST at 4 h; 13 patients in group S versus 4 patients in group K (P = 0.03) experienced POST at 4 h. The moderate sore throat occurred in 6 patients in group S and none in group K at 2 h, post-operatively (P = 0.02).
conclusionKetamine nebulization significantly attenuated the incidence and severity of POST, especially in the early post-operative period, with no adverse effects.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.