Trial reportMaternal & child nutrition2016
The impact of perinatal depression on exclusive breastfeeding: a cohort study.
Trial report in Maternal & child nutrition, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Perinatal depressive symptoms and breastfeeding behaviors: A systematic literature review and biosocial research agenda.Journal of affective disorders · 2021Pooled it
- Postnatal depression and its association with adverse infant health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2020Pooled it
- Anxiety-focused cognitive behavioral therapy delivered by non-specialists to prevent postnatal depression: a randomized, phase 3 trial.Nature medicine · 2024Trial
- The impact of perinatal depression on exclusive breastfeeding: a cohort study.Maternal & child nutrition · 2016Trial
- Perinatal depression and breastfeeding: a longitudinal investigation of the bidirectional relationship in Pakistan.Archives of women's mental health · 2026Article
- Maternal perinatal mental health and associated factors during the first postpartum year from a longitudinal birth cohort study in Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan.Global mental health (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- Predictors of depression among caregivers of children with malnutrition in Gedeo zone public hospitals, Southern Ethiopia: case-control study.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Navigating perinatal mental health integration in maternal and child health services: progress and priorities for research and practices in Pakistan.BJPsych international · 2025Review
- Lonely, stressed-out moms: Does the postindustrial social experience put women at risk for perinatal mood disorders?Evolution, medicine, and public health · 2024Review
- Prevalence and associated factors of maternal depression among mothers of children with undernutrition at comprehensive specialized hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia in 2023: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Perceived pressure to breastfeed negatively impacts postpartum mental health outcomes over time.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Social and Behavioral Problems in School-Aged Children After Maternal Postpartum Depression: A Secondary Analysis of Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study.Maternal and child health journal · 2023Article
- Breastfeeding among South Sudanese refugees in protracted settlements in Adjumani district, Uganda: facilitators and barriers.International breastfeeding journal · 2023Article
- Qualitative exploration of perceived barriers of exclusive breastfeeding among pregnant teenagers in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Postnatal mental health, breastfeeding beliefs, and breastfeeding practices in rural China.International breastfeeding journal · 2022Article
- The silent burden: a landscape analysis of common perinatal mental disorders in low- and middle-income countries.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2022Article
- Feasibility of a birth-cohort in Pakistan: evidence for better lives study.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2022Article
- Determinants of Infant Young Child Feeding Among Mothers of Malnourished Children in South Punjab, Pakistan: A Qualitative Study.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Characteristics associated with the transition to partial breastfeeding prior to 6 months of age: Data from seven sites in a birth cohort study.Maternal & child nutrition · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Perinatal depression is associated with infant undernutrition. We hypothesised that perinatal depression was associated with early cessation of exclusive breastfeeding and reduced quantity of breast milk in rural Pakistan. We used a prospective cohort design to study a population-based sample of 132 depressed and 147 non-depressed women from the third trimester of pregnancy to 6 months post-natal. Current major depressive episode was measured in the third trimester and 6 months post-natal using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Diagnosis. In a convenience sample of 24 depressed and 31 non-depressed exclusively breastfeeding mothers, breast milk quantity was assessed (mL kg(-1) infant weight per 24 h) at 4 months using the dose-to-mother deuterium dilution method. We administered also the Perception of Insufficient Milk questionnaire at 6 months post-natal. Depression was associated with fewer days of exclusive breastfeeding (91.8 (SD = 47.1) vs. 108.7 days (SD = 54.3) (95% CI: 3.4 to 30.3 P = 0.014). Women with persistent depression ceased exclusive breastfeed earliest. There was no difference in the quantity of breast milk produced by depressed and non-depressed mothers: 89.3 (SD = 38.1) vs. 83.9 (29.0) ml/kg infant wt/24 hours, P = 0.57. Depressed mothers were significantly more likely to report insufficient milk: PIM scores were 34.4 (SD = 14.3) for depressed and 39.7 (SD = 10.4) for non-depressed women (P = 0.004). In Cox regression PIM score mediated the association between depression and early cessation of breastfeeding. In this area of rural Pakistan, perinatal depression is associated with early cessation of exclusive breastfeeding and this is associated with mothers' perceptions of insufficiency of breast milk but not reduced milk production.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.