Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25682549›Full record

ArticleSchizophrenia research2015

Factor structure and heritability of endophenotypes in schizophrenia: findings from the Consortium on the Genetics of Schizophrenia (COGS-1).

Larry J Seidman, Gerhard Hellemann, Keith H Nuechterlein, Tiffany A Greenwood, David L Braff, Kristin S Cadenhead, Monica E Calkins, Robert Freedman, Raquel E Gur, Ruben C Gur and 14 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Schizophrenia research, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
31citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. The EEG multiverse of schizophrenia.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2023
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Is Emotional Intelligence Impaired in Unaffected Siblings of Patients with Schizophrenia?Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS · 2017
    Article
  19. Review
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

24 authors.

Larry J SeidmanMassachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Institute of Psychiatric Epidemiology and Genetic s, Boston, MA, United States. Electronic address: lseidman@bidmc.harvard.edu.
Gerhard HellemannDepartment of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Keith H NuechterleinDepartment of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Tiffany A GreenwoodDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.
David L BraffDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States; VA San Diego Healthcare System VISN-22 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), San Diego, CA, United States. Electronic address: dbraff@ucsd.edu.
Kristin S CadenheadDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.
Monica E CalkinsDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
Robert FreedmanDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO, United States.
Raquel E GurDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
Ruben C GurDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
Laura C LazzeroniDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, United States.
Gregory A LightDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States; VA San Diego Healthcare System VISN-22 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), San Diego, CA, United States.
Ann OlincyDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO, United States.
Allen D RadantDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; The Department of Veteran Affairs VISN-20 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Seattle, WA, United States.
Larry J SieverDepartment of Psychiatry, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; James J. Peters VA & VISN3 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Bronx, NY, United States.
Jeremy M SilvermanDepartment of Psychiatry, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
Joyce SprockDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.
William S StoneMassachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Institute of Psychiatric Epidemiology and Genetic s, Boston, MA, United States.
Catherine SugarDepartment of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Biostatistics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Neal R SwerdlowDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.
Debby W TsuangDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; The Department of Veteran Affairs VISN-20 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Seattle, WA, United States.
Ming T TsuangHarvard Institute of Psychiatric Epidemiology and Genetic s, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States; Center for Behavioral Genomics, Department of Psychiatry and Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.
Bruce I TuretskyDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
Michael F GreenDepartment of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States.

Funding

The Genetics of Endophenotypes and SchizophreniaR01MH065571 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI BRAFF, DAVID L. · 2003 to 2013
$7.0M
The Genetics of Endophenotypes and SchizophreniaR01MH065578 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI GUR, RAQUEL E · 2003 to 2013
$4.2M
The Genetics of Endophenotypes and SchizophreniaR01MH065554 · NIMH · MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE OF NYU · PI SIEVER, LARRY J · 2003 to 2013
$4.1M
Genetics of Endophenotypes and SchizophreniaR01MH065558 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI TSUANG, DEBBY WEN · 2003 to 2013
$3.7M
The Genetics of Endophenotypes and SchizophreniaR01MH065707 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI GREEN, MICHAEL F. · 2003 to 2013
$3.6M
The Genetics of Endophenotypes and SchizophreniaR01MH065562 · NIMH · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCHOOL) · PI SEIDMAN, LARRY J · 2003 to 2007
$2.6M
The Genetics of Endophenotypes and SchizophreniaR01MH065588 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI OLINCY, ANN · 2003 to 2007
$2.2M
SCHIZOPHRENIA--PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND HETEROGENEITYR01MH043518 · NIMH · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCHOOL) · PI SEIDMAN, LARRY J · 1998 to 2004
$1.8M
6/6 - The Genetics of Endophenotypes and SchizophreniaR01MH086135 · NIMH · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI LAZZERONI, LAURA C. · 2010 to 2013
$1.3M
SCHIZOPHRENIA: PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND HETEROGENEITYR37MH043518 · NIMH · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCHOOL) · PI TSUANG, MING T. · 1988 to 1997
–
NIMH NIH HHS MH43518NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH043518NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH065554NIMH NIH HHS R01-MH065554NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH065558NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH065562NIMH NIH HHS R01-MH065562NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH065571NIMH NIH HHS R01-MH065571NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH065578NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH065588NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH065707NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH086135NIMH NIH HHS R01-MH65558NIMH NIH HHS R01-MH65578NIMH NIH HHS R01-MH65588NIMH NIH HHS R01-MH65707NIMH NIH HHS R37 MH043518
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAlthough many endophenotypes for schizophrenia have been studied individually, few studies have examined the extent to which common neurocognitive and neurophysiological measures reflect shared versus unique endophenotypic factors. It may be possible to distill individual endophenotypes into composite measures that reflect dissociable, genetically informative elements.

methodsThe first phase of the Consortium on the Genetics of Schizophrenia (COGS-1) is a multisite family study that collected neurocognitive and neurophysiological data between 2003 and 2008. For these analyses, participants included schizophrenia probands (n=83), their nonpsychotic siblings (n=151), and community comparison subjects (n=209) with complete data on a battery of 12 neurocognitive tests (assessing domains of working memory, declarative memory, vigilance, spatial ability, abstract reasoning, facial emotion processing, and motor speed) and 3 neurophysiological tasks reflecting inhibitory processing (P50 gating, prepulse inhibition and antisaccade tasks). Factor analyses were conducted on the measures for each subject group and across the entire sample. Heritability analyses of factors were performed using SOLAR.

resultsAnalyses yielded 5 distinct factors: 1) Episodic Memory, 2) Working Memory, 3) Perceptual Vigilance, 4) Visual Abstraction, and 5) Inhibitory Processing. Neurophysiological measures had low associations with these factors. The factor structure of endophenotypes was largely comparable across probands, siblings and controls. Significant heritability estimates for the factors ranged from 22% (Episodic Memory) to 39% (Visual Abstraction).

conclusionsNeurocognitive measures reflect a meaningful amount of shared variance whereas the neurophysiological measures reflect largely unique contributions as endophenotypes for schizophrenia. Composite endophenotype measures may inform our neurobiological and genetic understanding of schizophrenia.

Indexed as

EndophenotypesSchizophrenic PsychologyAdolescentAdultAgedArousalFactor Analysis, StatisticalFemaleGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseHumansInhibition, PsychologicalMaleMemory, EpisodicMemory, Short-TermMiddle AgedNeuropsychological TestsEndophenotypeGeneticsNeurocognitionNeurophysiologySchizophrenia

Identifiers

PMID25682549
PMCPMC5944296

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.