ReviewCellular immunology2015
Estrogen receptors regulate innate immune cells and signaling pathways.
Review in Cellular immunology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 579 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
579 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 972 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex Hormones in Psoriatic Disease: A Systematic Review.American journal of clinical dermatology · 2026Pooled it
- PDCD1 gene polymorphisms linked with altered risk of female-specific hormone-dependent cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC cancer · 2026Pooled it
- Human Exposure to Bisphenols, Parabens, and Benzophenones, and Its Relationship with the Inflammatory Response: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Influence of resistance exercise on monocyte subtypes and intracellular immune markers in trained postmenopausal women.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Trial
- Preliminary Data on the Senolytic Effects ofNutrients · 2025Trial
- Hormone therapy enhances anti-PD1 efficacy in premenopausal estrogen receptor-positive and HER2-negative advanced breast cancer.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Trial
- Factors associated with reactogenicity to an investigational HIV vaccine regimen in HIV vaccine trials network 702.Vaccine · 2024Trial
- Sex determines the natural killer cell-mediated immunity against pancreatic cancer.Oncoimmunology · 2026Article
- Low-dose tamoxifen ameliorates ovariectomy-induced metabolic and immune dysfunction.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Sex-Biased Immunity: The Hidden Variable in Immuno-oncology.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Review
- Role of sex and gender in autoimmune thyroid diseases: mechanisms and knowledge gaps.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- Sex-Dependent Microbial and Host Profiles Following Fecal Microbiota andGut and liver · 2026Article
- Enhanced myelopoiesis and myeloid TREM1 upregulation link obesity with adverse outcomes after myocardial infarction.Basic research in cardiology · 2026Article
- Catamenial loss of botulinum toxin efficacy successfully managed with tamoxifen: A case report.JAAD case reports · 2026Article
- Association of 9-Valent HPV Vaccination with Risk of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Sex-Stratified Real-World Study.Vaccines · 2026Article
- An Estrogen-IL-33 Circuit in Aortic Fibroblasts Underlies Sex Differences in Tregs in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm.JACC. Basic to translational science · 2026Article
- Effect of ligands and HIV latency-reversing agents on estrogen receptor α in CD4+ T cells.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Deficiency in circulating T cells in four core genotypes mice with Sry translocation.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
- Sex- and menopause-related differences in immune and gastrointestinal symptom architecture in ME/CFS: evidence from factor analysis and structural equation modeling.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Review
519 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Humans show strong sex differences in immunity to infection and autoimmunity, suggesting sex hormones modulate immune responses. Indeed, receptors for estrogens (ERs) regulate cells and pathways in the innate and adaptive immune system, as well as immune cell development. ERs are ligand-dependent transcription factors that mediate long-range chromatin interactions and form complexes at gene regulatory elements, thus promoting epigenetic changes and transcription. ERs also participate in membrane-initiated steroid signaling to generate rapid responses. Estradiol and ER activity show profound dose- and context-dependent effects on innate immune signaling pathways and myeloid cell development. While estradiol most often promotes the production of type I interferon, innate pathways leading to pro-inflammatory cytokine production may be enhanced or dampened by ER activity. Regulation of innate immune cells and signaling by ERs may contribute to the reported sex differences in innate immune pathways. Here we review the recent literature and highlight several molecular mechanisms by which ERs regulate the development or functional responses of innate immune cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.