ArticleBrain, behavior, and immunity2015
Immune mediated conditions in autism spectrum disorders.
Article in Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 94 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
94 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 160 citations in OpenAlex.
- Examining the association between autism spectrum disorder and atopic eczema: meta-analysis of current evidence.Pediatric research · 2025Pooled it
- The relationship of immune cells with autism spectrum disorder: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.BMC psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Early systemic inflammation induces neurodevelopmental disorders: results from ARTEMIS, a French multicenter study of juvenile rheumatisms and systemic autoimmune and auto-inflammatory disorders and meta-analysis.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Association Between Autism Spectrum Disorders and Cardiometabolic Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA pediatrics · 2023Pooled it
- Activation of the Monocyte/Macrophage System and Abnormal Blood Levels of Lymphocyte Subpopulations in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Association of food hypersensitivity in children with the risk of autism spectrum disorder: a meta-analysis.European journal of pediatrics · 2021Pooled it
- Maternal Dietary Factors and the Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review of Existing Evidence.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2020Pooled it
- The Prevalence of Diabetes in Autistic Persons: A Systematic Review.Clinical practice and epidemiology in mental health : CP & EMH · 2020Pooled it
- Medical comorbidities in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorders: a systematic review.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2017Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Long-Term Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Population-Based Matched Cohort Study.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2026Article
- Somatic, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Comorbidities in People with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A Narrative Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Altered phenotype and gene expression of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in children with Autism, and the relationship with comorbid gastrointestinal symptoms.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Developmental origins of immune function: Maternal prenatal mood is associated with infant immune cell gene expression.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- Immune profiling shows limited systemic changes in children with autism after autologous cord blood transfusion.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Parallel paths: A narrative review exploring autism and its co-occurring conditions.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2025Review
- Altered Phenotype and Gene Expression of Regulatory T cells (Tregs) in Children with Autism, and the Relationship with Comorbid Gastrointestinal Symptoms.Research square · 2025Article
- Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Cerebellum, Genes, and Pathways.Neurology international · 2025Review
- Fractalkine and Neuroinflammation in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Novel Perspective.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Article
- The Immune/Inflammatory Underpinnings of Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome: A Scoping Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
34 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
We conducted a case-control study among members of Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) born between 1980 and 2003 to determine the prevalence of immune-mediated conditions in individuals with autism, investigate whether these conditions occur more often than expected, and explore the timing of onset relative to autism diagnosis. Cases were children and young adults with at least two autism diagnoses recorded in outpatient records (n=5565). Controls were children without autism randomly sampled at a ratio of 5 to 1, matched to cases on birth year, sex, and length of KPNC membership (n=27,825). The main outcomes - asthma, allergies, and autoimmune diseases - were identified from KPNC inpatient and outpatient databases. Chi-square tests were used to evaluate case-control differences. Allergies and autoimmune diseases were diagnosed significantly more often among children with autism than among controls (allergy: 20.6% vs. 17.7%, Crude odds ratio (OR)=1.22, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13-1.31; autoimmune disease: 1% vs. 0.76%, OR=1.36, 95% CI 1.01-1.83), and asthma was diagnosed significantly less often (13.7% vs. 15.9%; OR=0.83, 95% CI 0.76-0.90). Psoriasis occurred more than twice as often in cases than in controls (0.34% vs. 0.15%; OR=2.35, 95% CI 1.36-4.08). Our results support previous observations that children with autism have elevated prevalence of specific immune-related comorbidities.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.