ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2015
The effects of heat activation on Bacillus spore germination, with nutrients or under high pressure, with or without various germination proteins.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
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42 citing papers in PubMed, 119 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of levels of purity of spores of twoApplied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Nutrient-induced germination of Bacillus subtilis spores exhibiting shared metabolic profiles in both TSB and AGFK media.Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society · 2026Article
- Two new factors modulatingmSphere · 2026Article
- Effects of sporulation times in liquid or on plates onJournal of bacteriology · 2025Article
- Resistance and germination of spores ofJournal of bacteriology · 2025Article
- Sporulation at reduced water activity impairs germination kinetics ofApplied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- Fortification of Cereal-Based Food withFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Combination of Medium-High-Hydrostatic-Pressure Treatment with Post-/Pre-Heat Treatment for Pasteurization ofMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Germination and Heat Resistance ofFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
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- Germination ofJournal of bacteriology · 2025Article
- Recent progress in proteins regulating the germination ofJournal of bacteriology · 2025Review
- Influence of Sporulation Temperature on Germination and Growth ofFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Strategies for effective high pressure germination or inactivation ofApplied and environmental microbiology · 2024Article
- Expression of the 2Duf protein in wild-type Bacillus subtilis spores stabilizes inner membrane proteins and increases spore resistance to wet heat and hydrogen peroxide.Journal of applied microbiology · 2023Article
- Evaluation of the biofilm-forming ability and molecular characterization of dairyFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Recent Progress in the Synergistic Bactericidal Effect of High Pressure and Temperature Processing in Fruits and Vegetables and Related Kinetics.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Triosephosphate Isomerase and Its Product Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Are Involved in the Regulatory Mechanism That Suppresses Exit from the Quiescent State in Yeast Cells.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Effect of oxygen on the germination and culturability of Bacillus atrophaeus spores.International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology · 2022Article
- Mechanisms and Applications of Bacterial Sporulation and Germination in the Intestine.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Nutrient germination of spores of Bacillus species occurs through germinant receptors (GRs) in spores' inner membrane (IM) in a process stimulated by sublethal heat activation. Bacillus subtilis spores maximum germination rates via different GRs required different 75 °C heat activation times: 15 min for l-valine germination via the GerA GR and 4 h for germination with the L-asparagine-glucose-fructose-K(+) mixture via the GerB and GerK GRs, with GerK requiring the most heat activation. In some cases, optimal heat activation decreased nutrient concentrations for half-maximal germination rates. Germination of spores via various GRs by high pressure (HP) of 150 MPa exhibited heat activation requirements similar to those of nutrient germination, and the loss of the GerD protein, required for optimal GR function, did not eliminate heat activation requirements for maximal germination rates. These results are consistent with heat activation acting primarily on GRs. However, (i) heat activation had no effects on GR or GerD protein conformation, as probed by biotinylation by an external reagent; (ii) spores prepared at low and high temperatures that affect spores' IM properties exhibited large differences in heat activation requirements for nutrient germination; and (iii) spore germination by 550 MPa of HP was also affected by heat activation, but the effects were relatively GR independent. The last results are consistent with heat activation affecting spores' IM and only indirectly affecting GRs. The 150- and 550-MPa HP germinations of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens spores, a potential surrogate for Clostridium botulinum spores in HP treatments of foods, were also stimulated by heat activation.
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