ReviewBiological psychiatry2015
Cortical development, electroencephalogram rhythms, and the sleep/wake cycle.
Review in Biological psychiatry, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effects of Subanesthetic Esketamine on Postoperative Sleep Quality Through EEG Analysis in Breast Cancer Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Trial
- Sleep-Related Respiratory Disruption is Associated with Altered Spindle Morphology and Poorer Attention in Children.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The Ontogenetic Development of Rapid Eye Movement Sleep in Early Life and Its Regulatory Mechanisms.International journal of developmental neuroscience : the official journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience · 2026Review
- Postnatal choline supplementation improves sleep in a rat model of developmental alcohol exposure.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2025Article
- Basal Forebrain to Ventral Tegmental Area Glutamatergic Pathway Promotes Emergence from Isoflurane Anesthesia in Mice.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Adaptive consolidation of active inference: excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms for organizing feedforward and feedback memory systems in sleep.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2025Review
- SleepInvestigatoR: a flexible R function for analyzing scored sleep in rodents.Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2025Article
- Monitoring Sleep Quality Through Low α-Band Activity in the Prefrontal Cortex Using a Portable Electroencephalogram Device: Longitudinal Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- Validation of a Wireless, Self-Applied Device for Sleep Recording in the Paediatric Population.Nature and science of sleep · 2025Article
- Development of Prefrontal Circuits and Cognitive Abilities.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology · 2024Review
- Article
- A Thalamocortical Perspective on Sleep Spindle Alterations in Neurodevelopmental Disorders.Current sleep medicine reports · 2024Review
- The Ponto-Geniculo-Occipital (PGO) Waves in Dreaming: An Overview.Brain sciences · 2023Review
- Sleep Spindle-Related EEG Connectivity in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: An Exploratory Study.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Network instability dynamics drive a transient bursting period in the developing hippocampus in vivo.eLife · 2022Article
- Rapid Eye Movement Sleep during Early Life: A Comprehensive Narrative Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Neurophysiological mechanisms of implicit and explicit memory in the process of consciousness.Journal of neurophysiology · 2022Review
- Article
- Relations between sleep patterns early in life and brain development: A review.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2022Review
- Early brain activity: Translations between bedside and laboratory.Progress in neurobiology · 2022Review
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
During adulthood, electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings are used to distinguish wake, non-rapid eye movement sleep, and rapid eye movement sleep states. The close association between behavioral states and EEG rhythms is reached late during development, after birth in humans and by the end of the second postnatal week in rats and mice. This critical time is also when cortical activity switches from a discontinuous to a continuous pattern. We review the major cellular and network changes that can account for this transition. After this close link is established, new evidence suggests that the slow waves of non-rapid eye movement sleep may function as markers to track cortical development. However, before the EEG can be used to identify behavioral states, two distinct sleep phases--quiet sleep and active sleep--are identified based on behavioral criteria and muscle activity. During this early phase of development, cortical activity is far from being disorganized, despite the presence of long periods of neuronal silence and the poor modulation by behavioral states. Specific EEG patterns, such as spindle bursts and gamma oscillations, have been identified very early on and are believed to play a significant role in the refinement of brain circuits. Because most early EEG patterns do not map to a specific behavioral state, their contribution to the presumptive role of sleep in brain maturation remains to be established and should be a major focus for future research.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.