ArticleEuropean journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology2015
How to optimise the yield of forensic and clinical post-mortem microbiology with an adequate sampling: a proposal for standardisation.
Article in European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Microbiology in minimally invasive autopsy: best techniques to detect infection. ESGFOR (ESCMID study group of forensic and post-mortem microbiology) guidelines.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2021Guideline
- Impact of the Human Microbiome in Forensic Sciences: a Systematic Review.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2020Pooled it
- Guidelines for autopsy investigation of sudden cardiac death: 2017 update from the Association for European Cardiovascular Pathology.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2017Guideline
- Forensic Microbiomics and Trace Microbial Evidence: Molecular Innovations for Linking Suspects, Objects, and Environments.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Postmortem microbiological sampling: a prospective ESGFOR-supported study on relevance, timing, and site selection.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2025Article
- Potential postmortem microbial biomarkers of infant and younger children death investigation.Journal of forensic sciences · 2025Article
- Medico-Legal Applications of the Human Microbiome and Critical Issues Due to Environmental Transfer: A Review.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Exploring the role of the human microbiome in forensic identification: opportunities and challenges.International journal of legal medicine · 2024Review
- 16S rRNA, metagenomics and 2bRAD-M sequencing to decode human thanatomicrobiome.Scientific data · 2024Article
- Forensic Microbiology: When, Where and How.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- The role of microorganisms in the biotransformation of psychoactive substances and its forensic relevance: a critical interdisciplinary review.Forensic sciences research · 2023Review
- Utility of postmortem bacterial culture of abdominal organs at autopsy of young calves.Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc · 2023Article
- Postmortem Bacteriology in Forensic Autopsies-A Single Center Retrospective Study in Romania.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Effect of Time Since Death on Multipathogen Molecular Test Results of Postmortem Specimens Collected Using Minimally Invasive Tissue Sampling Techniques.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
- Determining a sampling regime for PCR detection of respiratory tract viral infection at coronial post-mortem examinations.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2020Article
- How is post-mortem microbiology appraised by pathologists? Results from a practice survey conducted by ESGFOR.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Post-mortem microbiology (PMM) is an important tool in forensic pathology, helping to determine the cause and manner of death, especially in difficult scenarios such as sudden unexpected death (SD). Currently, there is a lack of standardization of PMM sampling throughout Europe. We present recommendations elaborated by a panel of European experts aimed to standardize microbiological sampling in the most frequent forensic and clinical post-mortem situations. A network of forensic microbiologists, pathologists and physicians from Spain, England, Belgium, Italy and Turkey shaped a flexible protocol providing minimal requirements for PMM sampling at four practical scenarios: SD, bioterrorism, tissue and cell transplantation (TCT) and paleomicrobiology. Biosafety recommendations were also included. SD was categorized into four subgroups according to the age of the deceased and circumstances at autopsy: (1) included SD in infancy and childhood (0-16 years); (2) corresponded to SD in the young (17-35 years); (3) comprised SD at any age with clinical symptoms; and (4) included traumatic/iatrogenic SD. For each subgroup, a minimum set of samples and general recommendations for microbiological analyses were established. Sampling recommendations for main bioterrorism scenarios were provided. In the TCT setting, the Belgian sampling protocol was presented as an example. Finally, regarding paleomicrobiology, the sampling selection for different types of human remains was reviewed. This proposal for standardization in the sampling constitutes the first step towards a consensus in PMM procedures. In addition, the protocol flexibility to adapt the sampling to the clinical scenario and specific forensic findings adds a cost-benefit value.
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