ArticlePloS one2015
Development and validation of an internationally-standardized, high-resolution capillary gel-based electrophoresis PCR-ribotyping protocol for Clostridium difficile.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 103 papers.
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Who cites it
103 citing papers in PubMed, 225 citations in OpenAlex.
- Experimental human colonisation with non-toxigenic Clostridioides difficile: a placebo-controlled randomised clinical trial.Nature communications · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Prevalence ofCanadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire · 2026Article
- Manufacture of Clostridioides difficile Spores for Experimental Infection of Human Volunteers.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Clostridioides difficile pathogenesis and control.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Addressing Which Pathogens Are More Suitable to Ensure Water Reuse Safety-A Proof-of-Concept.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Characterization of the clade 4 non-toxigenicFEMS microbes · 2026Article
- EmergingEmerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Genomic islands and molecular mechanisms relating to drug-resistance inEmerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Isolation ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Characterization of Adult and Pediatric Healthcare-Associated and Community-Associated Clostridioides difficile Infections, Canada, 2015-2022.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Whole genome sequence analysis reveals limited diversity among Clostridioides difficile ribotype 027 and 078 isolates collected in 22 hospitals in Berlin and Brandenburg, Germany.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2025Article
- Newly emerging metronidazole-resistantEuro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2025Article
- The Role ofMicroorganisms · 2025Review
- Comparison of Illumina and Oxford Nanopore sequencing data quality for Clostridioides difficile genome analysis and their application for epidemiological surveillance.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Genomic analysis of a novel ST11(PR34365)Open life sciences · 2025Article
- In-depth characterization of accessory gene regulator loci and associated virulence factors inCurrent research in microbial sciences · 2025Article
- Dominance of toxigenicFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Observational
43 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
PCR-ribotyping has been adopted in many laboratories as the method of choice for C. difficile typing and surveillance. However, issues with the conventional agarose gel-based technique, including inter-laboratory variation and interpretation of banding patterns have impeded progress. The method has recently been adapted to incorporate high-resolution capillary gel-based electrophoresis (CE-ribotyping), so improving discrimination, accuracy and reproducibility. However, reports to date have all represented single-centre studies and inter-laboratory variability has not been formally measured or assessed. Here, we achieved in a multi-centre setting a high level of reproducibility, accuracy and portability associated with a consensus CE-ribotyping protocol. Local databases were built at four participating laboratories using a distributed set of 70 known PCR-ribotypes. A panel of 50 isolates and 60 electronic profiles (blinded and randomized) were distributed to each testing centre for PCR-ribotype identification based on local databases generated using the standard set of 70 PCR-ribotypes, and the performance of the consensus protocol assessed. A maximum standard deviation of only ±3.8bp was recorded in individual fragment sizes, and PCR-ribotypes from 98.2% of anonymised strains were successfully discriminated across four ribotyping centres spanning Europe and North America (98.8% after analysing discrepancies). Consensus CE-ribotyping increases comparability of typing data between centres and thereby facilitates the rapid and accurate transfer of standardized typing data to support future national and international C. difficile surveillance programs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.