ArticlePloS one2015
In Vitro and In Vivo toxicity profiling of ammonium-based deep eutectic solvents.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 270 citations in OpenAlex.
- Drug-delivery oriented solubility enhancement of curcumin in choline chloride-based acidic deep eutectic solvents: thermodynamic analysis and MCF-7 cytotoxicity assessment.BMC chemistry · 2026Article
- Urea-Based Eutectic Mixtures as Green Plasticizers for Starch, Other Polysaccharides and Proteins.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Crystal engineering for poorly water-soluble drugs: From design to applications.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Organic acid-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are potent antimicrobial agents against antibiotic-resistant bacteria and viruses.Current research in microbial sciences · 2026Article
- Green preservation: enhancing shelf life of chicken meat using antimicrobial and antioxidant deep eutectic solvent nanoemulsions.Food chemistry: X · 2026Article
- Safety of NADES Extract ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Current Status and Future Perspectives of Betaine and Betaine-Based Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents: A Review.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Toxicity Assessment and Bioremediation of Deep Eutectic Solvents by Haloferax mediterranei: A Step toward Sustainable Circular Chemistry.ChemSusChem · 2025Article
- Physicochemical and Biological Properties of Menthol and Thymol-Based Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- New Horizon in Selective Tocols Extraction from Deodorizer Distillates Under Mild Conditions by Using Deep Eutectic Solvents.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- An Overview on the Role of Ionic Liquids and Deep Eutectic Solvents in Oral Pharmaceuticals.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Xanthorrhizol fromMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- A comparative study of deep eutectic solvents based on fatty acids and the effect of water on their intermolecular interactions.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Nature of a Tetrabutylammonium Chloride-Levulinic Acid Deep Eutectic Solvent.Industrial & engineering chemistry research · 2023Article
- The increasing importance of novel deep eutectic solvents as potential effective antimicrobials and other medicinal properties.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2023Review
- Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvents as Greener Substitutes for Conventional Extraction Media: Examples and Techniques.ACS omega · 2023Review
- Article
- Critical Assessment of the Sustainability of Deep Eutectic Solvents: A Case Study on Six Choline Chloride-Based Mixtures.ACS omega · 2022Review
- Controversy on the toxic nature of deep eutectic solvents and their potential contribution to environmental pollution.Heliyon · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The cytotoxic potential of ammonium-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) with four hydrogen bond donors, namely glycerine (Gl), ethylene glycol (EG), triethylene glycol (TEG) and urea (U) were investigated. The toxicity of DESs was examined using In Vitro cell lines and In Vivo animal model. IC50 and selectivity index were determined for the DESs, their individual components and their combinations as aqueous solutions for comparison purposes. The cytotoxicity effect of DESs varied depending on cell lines. The IC50 for the GlDES, EGDES, UDES and TEGDES followed the sequence of TEGDES< GlDES< EGDES< UDES for OKF6, MCF-7, A375, HT29 and H413, respectively. GlDES was selective against MCF-7 and A375, EGDES was selective against MCF-7, PC3, HepG2 and HT29, UDES was selective against MCF-7, PC3, HepG2 and HT29, and TEGDES was selective against MCF-7 and A375. However, acute toxicity studies using ICR mice showed that these DESs were relatively toxic in comparison to their individual components. DES did not cause DNA damage, but it could enhance ROS production and induce apoptosis in treated cancer cells as evidenced by marked LDH release. Furthermore, the examined DESs showed less cytotoxicity compared with ionic liquids. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that combined In Vitro and In Vivo toxicity profiles of DESs were being demonstrated, raising the toxicity issue of these neoteric mixtures and their potential applicability to be used for therapeutic purposes.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.