Trial reportFemale pelvic medicine & reconstructive surgery
Incidence and Predictors of Anal Incontinence After Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injury in Primiparous Women.
Trial report in Female pelvic medicine & reconstructive surgery. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01166399 (BOOST), which is not on this map. Cited by 22 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
BOOST: Behavioral Therapy of Obstetric Sphincter Tears: A Cohort Study
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Association Between Levator Ani Integrity and Postpartum Ano-Rectal Dysfunction: A Systematic Review.International urogynecology journal · 2025Pooled it
- Diagnostic capabilities of transperineal ultrasound (TPUS) to evaluate anal sphincter defect post obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASIS)? A systematic review.Journal of ultrasound · 2023Pooled it
- A systematic review of non-invasive modalities used to identify women with anal incontinence symptoms after childbirth.International urogynecology journal · 2019Pooled it
- Fecal incontinence from early pregnancy to 12 months postpartum: A longitudinal cohort study from Tuscany.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2026Article
- Episiotomy and the risk of obstetric anal sphincter injury in nulliparous women with a prolonged second stage.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2026Article
- Factors associated with severe obstetric anal sphincter injury following vaginal delivery.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- The outcome of early perineal rehabilitation in obstetric anal sphincter injuries: a single-center experience.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2025Observational
- Detection of obstetric anal sphincter injuries using machine learning-assisted impedance spectroscopy: a prospective, comparative, multicentre clinical study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Recovery from Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injury in a Prospective Cohort of First Births.American journal of perinatology · 2024Article
- Anal incontinence after obstetrical anal sphincter injury significantly impacts quality of life for women: a cohort study.Langenbeck's archives of surgery · 2024Observational
- Does transperineal ultrasound predict the risk of perineal trauma in women with term pregnancy? A prospective observational study.Ultrasonography (Seoul, Korea) · 2024Article
- Impact of sex and aging on radiographic and functional parameters of the anal sphincter complex in patients with accidental bowel leakage.Neurourology and urodynamics · 2023Article
- The authors reply regarding transparency, balance and perspective on intervention at full dilation.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2022Article
- Prediction model for obstetric anal sphincter injury using machine learning.International urogynecology journal · 2021Article
- Effect of a subsequent pregnancy on anal sphincter integrity and function after obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI).International urogynecology journal · 2021Observational
- Self-management of accidental bowel leakage and interest in a supportive m-Health app among women.International urogynecology journal · 2020Observational
- Obstetrical and epidemiological factors influence the severity of anal incontinence after obstetric anal sphincter injury.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2019Article
- Effect of subsequent vaginal delivery on bowel symptoms and anorectal function in women who sustained a previous obstetric anal sphincter injury.International urogynecology journal · 2018Article
- Functional and quality of life outcomes following obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI): does the grade of injury affect outcomes?International urogynecology journal · 2017Observational
- Comparative study of episiotomy angles achieved by cutting with straight Mayo scissors and the EPISCISSORS-60 in a birth simulation model.International urogynecology journal · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThis study aimed to describe the incidence of fecal incontinence (FI) at 6, 12, and 24 weeks postpartum; anal incontinence (AI) and fecal urgency at 24 weeks; and identify predictors of AI in women with obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI).
methodsPrimiparous women sustaining OASIs were identified at 8 clinical sites. Third-degree OASIs were characterized using World Health Organization criteria, 3a (<50%) or 3b (>50%) tear through the sphincter. Fecal incontinence was defined as leakage of liquid/solid stool and/or mucus in the past month; AI was defined as leakage of liquid/solid stool and/or mucus and/or gas in the past month and was assessed at 6, 12, and 24 weeks postpartum using the Fecal Incontinence Severity Index. Logistic regression identified variables associated with AI.
resultsThree hundred forty-three women participated: 297 subjects sustained a third-degree OASI, 168 type 3a, 98 type 3b and 31 indeterminant; 45 had a fourth-degree OASI. Overall FI incidence at 6, 12, and 24 weeks was 7% [23/326; 95% confidence interval (CI), 4%-10%], 4% (6/145; 95% CI, 2%-9%), and 9% (13/138; 95% CI, 5%-16%), respectively. At 24 weeks, AI incidence was 24% (95% CI, 17%-32%) and fecal urgency 21% (95% CI, 15%-29%). No significant differences in FI and AI rates were noted by third-degree type or between groups with third and fourth OASI. Flatal incontinence was greater in women sustaining a fourth-degree tear (35% vs 16%, P = 0.04). White race (adjusted odds ratio, 4.64; 95% CI, 1.35-16.02) and shorter duration of second stage (adjusted odds ratio, 1.47 per 30 minute decrease; 95% CI, 1.12-1.92) were associated with AI at 24 weeks.
conclusionsOverall 24-week incidence of FI is 9% (95% CI, 5%-16%) and AI is 24% (95% CI, 17%-32%). In women with OASI, white race and shorter second-stage labor were associated with postpartum AI. CLINICAL
trial registrationNCT01166399 (http://clinicaltrials.gov).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.