ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2015
In Vivo Role of TLR2 and MyD88 Signaling in Eliciting Innate Immune Responses in Staphylococcal Endophthalmitis.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Resolvin D1 requires TLR2-FPR2 crosstalk for inflammation resolution and protection during ocular bacterial infection.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Engineering Drug-Eluting Ocular Bioadhesive "OcuTAPE" via Tannic Acid-Mediated Nanoparticle Bridging.Advanced functional materials · 2026Article
- Impact of innate immune factors on the persistence of Staphylococcus aureus in the ocular environment.Experimental eye research · 2025Article
- Contribution of Leukocidin ED to the Pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus Endophthalmitis.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Myeloid Cell-Specific Deletion of AMPKα1 Worsens Ocular Bacterial Infection by Skewing Macrophage Phenotypes.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2024Article
- miR-27a-3p promotes inflammatory response in infectious endophthalmitis via targeting TSC1.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The Role of CCL Chemokines in Experimental Staphylococcus aureus Endophthalmitis.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Untargeted and temporal analysis of retinal lipidome in bacterial endophthalmitis.Prostaglandins & other lipid mediators · 2024Review
- Immune Fingerprint in Diabetes: Ocular Surface and Retinal Inflammation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The Role of C-X-C Chemokines in Staphylococcus aureus Endophthalmitis.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- Butyrate Ameliorates Intraocular Bacterial Infection by Promoting Autophagy and Attenuating the Inflammatory Response.Infection and immunity · 2023Article
- Commentary: Usage of intravitreal steroids in endophthalmitis: Horns of a dilemma.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Essential Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Mediating IL-1β Production and the Pathobiology of Staphylococcus aureus Endophthalmitis.Infection and immunity · 2022Article
- Retinal Pigment Epithelium Expressed Toll-like Receptors and Their Potential Role in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Triggers Differential Inflammatory Response in Patients With Endophthalmitis.Translational vision science & technology · 2021Article
- Integrative metabolomics and transcriptomics identifies itaconate as an adjunct therapy to treat ocular bacterial infection.Cell reports. Medicine · 2021Article
- Illuminating the Role of Vitamin A in Skin Innate Immunity and the Skin Microbiome: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2021Review
- The Role of Endogenous Antimicrobial Peptides in Modulating Innate Immunity of the Ocular Surface in Dry Eye Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Bacterial Burden Declines But Neutrophil Infiltration and Ocular Tissue Damage Persist in ExperimentalFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the protective mechanisms evoked by TLR2 and MyD88 signaling in bacterial endophthalmitis in vivo.
methodsEndophthalmitis was induced in wild-type (WT), TLR2(-/-), MyD88(-/-), and Cnlp(-/-) mice by intravitreal injections of a laboratory strain (RN6390) and two endophthalmitis isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. Disease progression was monitored by assessing corneal and vitreous haze, bacterial burden, and retinal tissue damage. Levels of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines were determined using quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and ELISA. Flow cytometry was used to assess neutrophil infiltration. Cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP) expression was determined by immunostaining and dot blot.
resultsEyes infected with either laboratory or clinical isolates exhibited higher levels of inflammatory mediators at the early stages of infection (≤24 hours) in WT mice than in TLR2(-/-) or MyD88(-/-) mice. However, their levels surpassed that of WT mice at the later stages of infection (>48 hours), coinciding with increased bacterial burden and retinal damage. Both TLR2(-/-) and MyD88(-/-) retinas produced reduced levels of CRAMP, and its deficiency (Cnlp(-/-)) rendered the mice susceptible to increased bacterial burden and retinal tissue damage as early as 1 day post infection. Analyses of inflammatory mediators and neutrophil levels in WT versus Cnlp(-/-) mice showed a trend similar to that observed in TLR2 and MyD88 KO mice. Furthermore, we observed that even a 10-fold lower infective dose of S. aureus was sufficient to cause endophthalmitis in TLR2(-/-) and MyD88(-/-) mice.
conclusionsTLR2 and MyD88 signaling plays an important role in protecting the retina from staphylococcal endophthalmitis by production of the antimicrobial peptide CRAMP.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.