ArticleCancer2015
Residential racial segregation and mortality among black, white, and Hispanic urban breast cancer patients in Texas, 1995 to 2009.
Article in Cancer, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 109 citations in OpenAlex.
- Structural racism as a leading cause of racial disparities in breast cancer quality of care outcomes: a systematic review.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Urban Neighborhood and Residential Factors Associated with Breast Cancer in African American Women: a Systematic Review.Hormones & cancer · 2018Pooled it
- Residential Segregation and Racial Cancer Disparities: A Systematic Review.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2017Pooled it
- Examining the Role of the Social Vulnerability Index in the Association between Race/Ethnicity and Breast Cancer Outcomes.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2026Article
- Guideline-concordance along the cancer care continuum and breast cancer mortality by race and ethnicity: a SEER-Medicare study.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2026Article
- State-Level Structural Racism and Incident Coronary Heart Disease.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Food insecurity as an underexplored pathway linking ethnic enclave contexts and anxiety among Dominicans in the United States.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- School Segregation During Adolescence is Associated with Higher 30-Year Cardiovascular Risk of Black but not White Young Adults.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Take charge during treatment: a protocol for a pilot study to evaluate the impact of exercise on cardiovascular biomarkers among black and white breast cancer patients undergoing treatment.Cardio-oncology (London, England) · 2025Article
- Racialized Economic Segregation, Treatment, and Outcomes in Women with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025Article
- Review
- A Neighborhood-Level Hispanic Paradox: The Interaction among Hispanic Density, Neighborhood Disadvantage, and Survival in Patients with Breast Cancer.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025Article
- Measuring Spatial Social Polarization in Public Health Research: A Scoping Review of Methods and Applications.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2025Article
- Neighborhood Factors Related to Cancer Screening in Texas: A Spatioecological Study.American journal of preventive medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Impact of Structural Racism and Social Determinants of Health on Disparities in Breast Cancer Mortality.Cancer research · 2024Review
- The Role of Residential Segregation in Treatment and Outcomes of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2024Article
- Historical Redlining, Persistent Mortgage Discrimination, and Race in Breast Cancer Outcomes.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Critical analyses of Latina mortality: disentangling the heterogeneity of ethnic origin, place, nativity, race, and socioeconomic status.BMC public health · 2024Review
- Disparities in Late-Stage Breast and Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis Among Hispanic, Non-Hispanic White, and Non-Hispanic Black Patients: a Retrospective Cohort Study of Texas Medicare Beneficiaries.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2023Article
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe authors investigated whether residential segregation (the degree to which racial/ethnic groups live separately from one another in a geographic area) 1) was associated with mortality among urban women with breast cancer, 2) explained racial/ethnic disparities in mortality, and 3) whether its association with mortality varied by race/ethnicity.
methodsUsing Texas Cancer Registry data, all-cause mortality and breast-cancer mortality were examined among 109,749 urban black, Hispanic, and white women aged ≥50 years who were diagnosed with breast cancer from 1995 to 2009. Racial (black) segregation and ethnic (Hispanic) segregation of patient's neighborhoods were measured and were compared with the larger metropolitan statistical area using the location quotient measure. Shared frailty Cox proportional hazard models were used to nest patients within residential neighborhoods (census tract) and were controlled for race/ethnicity, age, diagnosis year, tumor stage, grade, histology, neighborhood poverty, and county-level mammography availability.
resultsGreater black segregation and Hispanic segregation were adversely associated with cause-specific mortality and all-cause mortality. For example, in adjusted models, Hispanic segregation was associated with cause-specific mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-1.46). Compared with whites, blacks had higher mortality for both outcomes, whereas Hispanics demonstrated equivalent (cause-specific) or lower (all-cause) mortality. Segregation did not explain racial/ethnic disparities in mortality. Within each race/ethnicity strata, segregation was either adversely associated with mortality or was not significant.
conclusionsAmong urban women with breast cancer in Texas, segregation has an independent, adverse association with mortality, and the effect of segregation varies by patient race/ethnicity. The novel application of a small-area measure of relative racial segregation should be examined in other cancer types with documented racial/ethnic disparities across varied geographic areas.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.