ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2015
Chronic pain and depression among primary care patients treated with buprenorphine.
Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Health harms of non-medical prescription opioid use: A systematic review.Drug and alcohol review · 2022Pooled it
- Mental Health Distress Is Associated With Higher Pain Interference in Patients With Opioid Use Disorder Stabilized on Buprenorphine or Methadone.Substance use & addiction journal · 2024Trial
- Parallel modeling of pain and depression in prediction of relapse during buprenorphine and naloxone treatment: A finite mixture model.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Trial
- A pilot study assessing acceptability and feasibility of hatha yoga for chronic pain in people receiving opioid agonist therapy for opioid use disorder.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2019Trial
- Associations Between Pain Severity and Opioid Agonist Treatment Among People With Drug Injection Experience in Australia.Drug and alcohol review · 2026Article
- Pain assessment tools in patients with substance use disorders: a systematic scoping review.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2026Article
- Factors Associated with Pain, Disability, and Quality of Life in Adults Aged 18-65 with Nonspecific Chronic Neck Pain: A Single-Center Observational Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Chronic Pain and Posttraumatic Stress Among Patients in Substance Use Treatment: Protocol for NOR-APT, a Longitudinal Cohort Study.JMIR research protocols · 2025Observational
- Factors Associated with Depression, Anxiety, and Sleep Disturbance Among Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Chronic Pain: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of pain research · 2025Article
- Associations of discomfort intolerance, discomfort avoidance, and cannabis and alcohol use among persons with chronic pain receiving prescription buprenorphine for opioid use disorder.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2024Article
- Evaluation of intervention components to maximize yoga practice among people with chronic pain taking opioid agonist therapy: A factorial experiment using the multiphase optimization strategy framework.Contemporary clinical trials · 2024Article
- Mental and physical health characteristics of older and younger adults receiving medication for opioid use disorder.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Article
- Association between recent overdose and chronic pain among individuals in treatment for opioid use disorder.PloS one · 2022Article
- Problematic Opioid Use: A Scoping Literature Review of Profiles.Substance abuse : research and treatment · 2022Article
- Craving mediates the association between momentary pain and illicit opioid use during treatment for opioid-use disorder: an ecological momentary assessment study.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2021Observational
- Effects of chronic pain on sleep quality and depression: A cross-sectional study.Saudi medical journal · 2021Article
- Prevalence and Characteristics of Chronic Pain in Buprenorphine and Methadone-Maintained Patients.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
- Pain catastrophizing and pain acceptance are associated with pain severity and interference among methadone-maintained patients.Journal of clinical psychology · 2019Article
- Targeting multiple opioid receptors - improved analgesics with reduced side effects?British journal of pharmacology · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPain and depression are each prevalent among opioid dependent patients receiving maintenance buprenorphine, but their interaction has not been studied in primary care patients.
objectiveWe set out to examine the relationship between chronic pain, depression, and ongoing substance use, among persons maintained on buprenorphine in primary care settings.
designBetween September 2012 and December 2013, we interviewed buprenorphine patients at three practice sites.
participantsOpioid dependent persons at two private internal medicine offices and a federally qualified health center participated in the study. MAIN MEASURES: Pain was measured in terms of chronicity, with chronic pain being defined as pain lasting at least 6 months; and in terms of severity, as measured by self-reported pain in the past week, measured on a 0-100 scale. We defined mild chronic pain as pain severity between 0 and 39 and lasting at least 6 months, and moderate/severe chronic pain as severity ≥ 40 and lasting at least 6 months. To assess depression, we used the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CESD) ten-item symptom scale and the two-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2). KEY
resultsAmong 328 participants, 169 reported no chronic pain, 56 reported mild chronic pain, and 103 reported moderate/severe chronic pain. Participants with moderate/severe chronic pain commonly used non-opioid pain medications (56.3%) and antidepressants (44.7%), yet also used marijuana, alcohol, or cocaine (40.8%) to help relieve pain. Mean CESD scores were 7.1 (±6.8), 8.3 (±6.0), and 13.6 (±7.6) in the no chronic, mild, and moderate/severe pain groups, respectively. Controlling for covariates, higher CESD scores were associated with a higher likelihood of moderate/severe chronic pain relative to both no chronic pain (OR = 1.09, p < 0.001) and mild chronic pain (OR = 1.06, p = 0.04).
conclusionMany buprenorphine patients are receiving over-the-counter or prescribed pain medications, as well as antidepressants, and yet continue to have significant and disabling pain and depressive symptoms. There is a clear need to address the pain-depression nexus in novel ways.
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